Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

What causes shingles?

Answer 1

Acute infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by Herpes zoster virus, same organism that causes chicken pox with the virus lying dormant after a previous infection in peripheral nerve ganglia(DRG)

Question 2

What can reactivate herpes zoster virus in the nerve ganglia

Answer 2

Stress, illness and immunosuppression

Question 3

What are signs of shingles?

Answer 3

Localized or radicular pain, rashes along the distribution of the peripheral nerve leading to blisters and skin discoloration

Question 4

How can shingles be treated?

Answer 4

Gabapentin helps symptomatic treatment

High dose of acyclovir is used to surprises the virus.

Question 5

What is the paralysis of all 4 limbs and the torso/trunk due to spinal cord injury

Answer 5

Quadriplegia

Question 6

What is the paralysis of one upper limb, trunk, lower limb on one side of the body?

Answer 6

Hemiplegia

Question 7

What is diplegia?

Answer 7

Paralysis of symmetrical parts of the body, can be both upper limbs or both lower limbs or other regions

Question 8

What is paraplegia?

Answer 8

Paralysis of both lower limbs and regions below the hips

Question 9

What is monoplegia?

Answer 9

Paralysis of one limb or an area of the body.

Question 10

Give 2 directions of fibers

Answer 10

Afferent and efferent

Question 11

Give 4 types of fibers

Answer 11

Somatic motor/sensory

Visceral sensory

Autonomic(visceral) motor parasympathetic

Autonomic (visceral) motor sympathetic

Question 12

What are the symptoms of injuries to C1-C3?

Answer 12

No function from the neck down, a ventilator will be needed as well as an electric wheelchair with breath, head or shoulder-controlled device

Question 13

What are the symptoms of injuries to C4-C5.?

Answer 13

Diaphragm is affected, C3 contribution may allow for some mild breathing after injury to C4-C5

Question 14

What are the symptoms of injury to C6 - C7

Answer 14

Manual wheel chair will be required, functionality in some arm and chest muscles which allows for feeding

Question 15

What are the symptoms for injuries to T10- L1?

Answer 15

Most thigh muscles affected, therefore leading to walking with long leg braces.

Question 16

What are the symptoms for injuries to L1-L2?

Answer 16

Most leg muscles affected, causing patient to walk with short leg braces

Question 17

What is a dermatome?

Answer 17

An area of the skin that is supplied (cutaneous innervation) by a single spinal nerve/spinal cord level

Question 18

What is plexus?

Answer 18

A combination of fibers from different levels of spinal cord

Question 19

What are the major somatic plexus?

Answer 19

Cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral

Question 20

What is the brachial plexus formed by?

Answer 20

The anterior rami from C5-T1

Question 21

What forms the lumbar plexus?

Answer 21

The anterior rami from L1-L4

Question 22

What forms the sacral plexus?

Answer 22

Formed by anterior rami of S1-S4

Question 23

What is sensory flow of information?

Answer 23

1. Dorsal/ventral rami
2. Spinal nerve
3. Root
4. Rootlets
5. Dorsal horn

Question 24

What is the motor flow of information?

Answer 24

1. Ventral horn
2. Rootlets
3. Root
4. Spinal nerve dorsal/ventral rami

Question 25

For the anterior root, where are the cell bodies located

Answer 25

Located in the gray matter (remember shape of a motor neuron)

Question 26

For the posterior root of spinal nerves, where is the cell body located?

Answer 26

Located in the dorsal root ganglia

Question 27

What kind of neurons are in the anterior root?

Answer 27

Efferent neurons

Question 28

What kind of neurons are in the posterior toot?

Answer 28

Afferent neurons

Question 29

What is a dermatome?

Answer 29

Area of the skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve/nerve cord

Question 30

What spinal nerve supplies the posterior thigh?

Answer 30

S2

Question 31

What spinal nerve supplies the Anterior thigh?

Answer 31

L2

Question 32

What spinal nerve supplies the umbilicus?

Answer 32

T10

Question 33

What spinal nerve supplies the nipple?

Answer 33

T4

Question 34

What spinal nerve supplies the 5th digit?

Answer 34

C8

Question 35

What does the cervical plexus innervate?

Answer 35

The back of the Head and some neck muscles

Question 36

Where does the lumbar plexus innervate

Answer 36

Thigh muscles, muscles of the abdominal wallls and external genitalia

Question 37

Where does the sacral plexus innervate?

Answer 37

The pelvis and lower limb

Question 38

What does the small dorsal Ramus supply?

Answer 38

The back

Question 39

What does the large ventral ramus?

Answer 39

Supplies limbs

Question 40

A plexus can have ______________ or _____________ fibers

Answer 40

Somatic Visceral