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MODA Drug Flashcards > Peripheral Neural Transmission > Flashcards

Peripheral Neural Transmission Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Dexamfetamine

A

Weak inhibitor of MAO

Reduces pH gradient and packaging of amines

Displaces NA from vesicles

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2
Q

Dobutamine

A

β1 selective agonist

Sympathomimetic

Used in heart failure and acute cardiogenic shock

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3
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotinic agonist

Parasympathomimetic

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4
Q

Mecamylamine

A

Non-selective nicotinic antagonist

Non-competitive

Antihypertensive

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5
Q

β-bungarotoxin

A

Irreversible NMJ blockade

Acts through phospholipase A2

Localises to the membrane by a K+ channel-binding moiety

Blocks ACh release

Causes paralysis

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6
Q

Phentolamine

A

Non-selective α antagonist

Vasodilatation due to α1 blockade

Obsolete antihypertensive as brings about large increase in heart rate

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7
Q

Isoprenaline

A

Non-selective β agonist

Used for bradycardia and heart block

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8
Q

Suxamethonium

A

Nicotinic agonist

Depolarising NMJ blocker

Short-acting

Used for intubation

Ester broken down by plasma BuChE

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9
Q

Darifenacin

A

M3 antagonist

Mediates reduction of bladder contraction in urinary incontinence

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10
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Non-selective muscarinic agonist

Used to treat glaucoma via eye drops

Absorbed through conjunctival membrane

Contracts the ciliary muscle to produce traction on the trabecular meshwork which facilitates aqueous humour drainage and lowering intraocular pressure

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11
Q

Idazoxan

A

α2 antagonist

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12
Q

Reserpine

A

Irreversibly blocks VMAT

Causes NA depletion

Antihypertensive

Causes profound psychological depression

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13
Q

Salbutamol

A

β2 agonist

Relief of bronchospasm in asthma

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14
Q

Selegiline

A

MAO-B selective inhibitor

Used to treat Parkinson’s

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15
Q

Butaxamine

A

β2-selective antagonist

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16
Q

Clonidine

A

α2 agonist

Slightly selective for α2

Antihypertensive

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17
Q

Xylazine

A

α2 agonist

Sedative in CNS

Used in vet medicine

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18
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

Irreversible MAO inhibitor

Non-selective

Treatment of refractory depression

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19
Q

Pancuronium

A

Competitive nicotinic antagonist at NMJ

Non-depolarising blocker

Long action as not hydrolysed

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20
Q

Atracurium

A

Nicotinic antagonist at NMJ

Skeletal muscle relaxant

Non-depolarising block

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21
Q

α-methyldopa

A

False transmitter

Replaces noradrenaline in vesicles

Antihypertensive in CNS

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22
Q

Pralidoxime

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A

Reverses inhibition by organophosphorus agents

Combat poisoning by organophosphates and anticholinesterases

Brings the oxime group, a strong nucleophile, into close proximity with the phosphorylated serine of the inhibited enzyme

Phosphate group is then transferred to the reactivator

Only effective for a few hours due to ageing

23
Q

Clorgiline

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A

MAO-A inhibitor

Irreversible

Used in treatment of depression

24
Q

Bethanechol

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A

Non-selective muscarinic agonist

Used systemically for bladder dysfunction

25
ADMA
Endogenous NOS inhibitor Increased level in hypercholesterolaemia and renal failure Metabolised by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase which is downregulated by NO
26
Caffeine
A1 receptor antagonist CNS and metabolic stimulant Reduces fatigue - waking action is most prominent after prolonged wakefulness Inhibits phosphodiesterase Increases rate and force of cardiac contraction
27
Guanethidine
Reduces NA release Replaces NA in vesicles Taken into cell by uptake 1
28
Entacapone
COMT inhibitor Used in Parkinson's disease
29
Edrophonium
Reversible short-acting AChE inhibitor Binds only to ionic site Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
30
Dyflos
Irreversible anticholinesterase Used in glaucoma Forms strong covalent bond with AChE
31
Cocaine
NET transporter blocker Increases extracellular NA
32
Carbidopa
Peripheral DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitor Acts only peripherally as can't cross blood brain barrier Used in Parkinson's disease
33
Botulinum toxin
Cleaves SNARE proteins Inhibits ACh release Causes flaccid paralysis
34
Atenolol
β1-antagonist Antihypertensive Also used in angina and dysrhythmias
35
Amitriptyline
Tricyclic antidepressant Blocks NET transporter Prevents serotonin and NA reuptake
36
α-latrotoxin
Black widow spider venom Binds to neurexins Forms calcium permeable pores leading to massive ACh release
37
Tyramine
Displaces NA in vesicles Can cause hypertensive crisis in combination with MAO inhibitors - cheese effect Found in food stuff
38
Tetanus toxin
Targets SNARE proteins (synaptobrevin) Inhibits inhibitory interneurons Increases excitability of motor neurons
39
Sildenafil
Selective phosphodiesterase V inhibitor Used to treat impotence and pulmonary arterial hypertension Viagra
40
Propranolol
Non-selective β antagonist Antihypertensive
41
Prazosin
Selective α1 antagonist Used in hypertension and Raynaud's disease
42
Phenylephrine
α1 agonist Decongestant Raises blood pressure in acute hypotension
43
Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate)
Generates nitric oxide Vasodilator Used to treat angina
44
Neostigmine
Reversible anticholinesterase Indirectly stimulates ACh receptors Binds to esteratic site and carbamoylates enzyme Used IV to reverse NMJ blockade after surgery Treatment of myasthenia gravis
45
Muscarine
Muscarinic agonist Competitive
46
Labetalol
α1, β1 and β2 antagonist Used to treat hypertension in pregnancy
47
Imipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant Blocks NET transporter Inhibits NA reputake
48
Hexamethonium
Non-depolarising ganglion blocker Nicotinic receptor antagonist Causes loss of both sympathetic and parasympathetic
49
Hemicholinium
Blocks reuptake of choline by choline transporter Reuptake of choline is rate-limiting step
50
Dipyridamole
Blocks adenosine transport into cells Inhibits phosphodiesterase
51
Atropine
Non-selective muscarinic antagonist Produce dilatation of the pupils (mydriasis)
52
Benzilylcholine mustard
Non-selective muscarinic antagonist Irreversible
53
Isosorbide dinitrate
NO donor Nitrovasodilator Used in treatment of angina
54
Malathion
Irreversible anticholinesterase Forms strong covalent bond Used as insecticide in headlice treatment

MODA Drug Flashcards (7 decks)

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