peripheral resistance control of Bp L12

Question 1

unit of cardiac output

Answer 1

Q

Question 2

equation of cardiac output

Answer 2

Q= change in pressure/ resistance

Question 3

Blood pressure cal=

Answer 3

cardiac output x resistance

Question 4

blood flow is determined by

Answer 4

diameter of a vessel

Question 5

resistance means

Answer 5

the impediment to blood flow along a vessel

Question 6

what is short term control of blood pressure

Answer 6

neurological -ANS

Question 7

where are sympathetic fibres to

Answer 7

all vessels in the body except capillaries

Question 8

what do sympathetic fibres release

Answer 8

noradrenaline

Question 9

what receptors does noradrenaline interact with

Answer 9

alpha receptors

Question 10

what does alpha receptor stimulation cause

Answer 10

vasocontriction= increased peripheral resistance

Question 11

what does venous constriction cause

Answer 11

increased venous return which increases cardiac output

Question 12

what cardiac effects does the sympathetic nervous system have

Answer 12

increase HR
inotropic effect (pump stronger)
lusitropic effect

Question 13

at rest what is there an underlying stimulation of

Answer 13

sympathetic NS

Question 14

what receptors detect pressure

Answer 14

baroreceptors

Question 15

where are baroreceptors

Answer 15

arch of aorta

carotid sinuses

Question 16

where are the carotid sinuses

Answer 16

in internal carotid arterties

Question 17

what do baroreceptors detect

Answer 17

stretch

Question 18

what do baroreceptors effect

Answer 18

they cause increased/ decreased sympathetic outflow

Question 19

chemically a decreased Bp causes

Answer 19

a decreased PaO2

Question 20

what detects decreased PaO2

Answer 20

chemoreceptors

Question 21

what is long term Bp control

Answer 21

hormonal

Question 22

2 renal controls of Bp

Answer 22

pressure diuresis

renin angiotensin system (RAAS)

Question 23

what is pressure diuresis

Answer 23

increased Bp–> increased blood flow to kidneys–> increased urination—> decreased BP

Question 24

what does a increased salt and water intake mean

Answer 24

higher Bp

Question 25

what hormone is released after a fall in Bp

Answer 25

renin

Question 26

what does renin do

Answer 26

converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

Question 27

what does ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme do)

Answer 27

converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Question 28

what does angiotensin 2 do

Answer 28

works on AT1 and AT2 receptors

Question 29

what do AT1 and AT2 receptors do

Answer 29

vasocontriction vascular hypertrophy aldosterone release

Question 30

what does aldosterone do

Answer 30

induces salt and water retention

Question 31

what other hormones respond to pressure

Answer 31

``` natriuretic peptides arginine vasopressin (ADH) ```

Question 32

what does natriuretic peptide do

Answer 32

respond to stretch---> salt loss and vasodilation

Question 33

what does arginine vasopressin do

Answer 33

vasoconstriction | water retention

Question 34

ending of ACE inhibitors

Answer 34

-pril

Question 35

ending of angiotensin receptor blockers

Answer 35

-Sartan

Question 36

what do steroids do

Answer 36

interfere with action of aldosterone

Question 37

what can alpha blockers do

Answer 37

block alpha receptors so noradrenaline can't bind decreasing peripheral resistance and Bp

Question 38

what do beta blockers do

Answer 38

block beta receptors so noradrenaline can't bind (SNS) decreasing peripheral resistance and heart rate

Question 39

what do calcium antagonists end in

Answer 39

-ipine

Question 40

what do calcium antagonists do

Answer 40

cause vasodilation by inhibiting Ca2+ from entering smooth muscle cells