Peripheral System Review

Question 1

True/False: Arteries and veins are innervated by the sympathetic system

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are connections between arterial branches providing collateral circulation to capillary beds called?

Answer 2

anastomoses

Question 3

What do capillaries terminate in?

Answer 3

venules

Question 4

What is the normal intravascular pressure at the arterial end of capillaries?

Answer 4

30 mmHg relative to interstitial space

Question 5

Which of the following does NOT prevent reabsorbtion and cause edema?

a. Venous hypertension
b. Blockage of lymphatic vessels
c. Increased plasma protein concentration
d. Decreased plasma protein concentration

Answer 5

c. Increased plasma protein concentration

Question 6

What is the formula for Mean Arterial Pressure?
What is considered normal values?
What happens if the MAP is too low?

Answer 6

MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP)
Normal values: 70-100
If it is not at least 70, you will not have adequate perfusion of blood in the vessels.

Question 7

What is the normal osmotic pressure of reabsorption at the venous end of the capillaries?

Answer 7

25 mmHg

Question 8

What are the two main constrictors of blood vessels that we have to know?

Answer 8

norepinephrine

angiotensin

Question 9

What, in simple terms, is arteriosclerosis obliterans?

Answer 9

blockage in an artery

Question 10

If arteriosclerosis obliterans is in the superficial femoral artery, where will the pain be?

Answer 10

In the buttocks or thigh

Question 11

If arteriosclerosis obliterans is in the descending aorta or iliac artery, where will the pain be?

Answer 11

right in the buttocks (pronounce with Forrest Gump accent to add something interesting to your studying)

Question 12

If arteriosclerosis obliterans is in the popliteal artery, where will the pain be?

Answer 12

in the calf.

Question 13

Why is diabetes a risk factor for arteriosclerosis obliterans?

Answer 13

It causes the body to age faster.

Question 14

How are leg symptoms in arteriosclerosis obliterans distributed

Answer 14

In a sock pattern

Question 15

In treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans, what does Cilostazol or Pentoxifylline do?

Answer 15

changes the flexibility of the RBC’s

Question 16

What is the usual surgeries you see with arteriosclerosis obliterans?

Answer 16

stent or bypass, sometimes an amputation

Question 17

In treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans, what does Plavix do?

Answer 17

decreases platelet buildup in arteries

Question 18

In treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans, what do statins do?

Answer 18

lowers cholesterol, stopping build up

Question 19

What are the most common sites for an aneurysm?

Answer 19

aortic
cerebral
popliteal
mesenteric
spleenic

Question 20

True/False. Females have more aneurisms than males.

Answer 20

False. Males have more than females.

Question 21

How are aneurisms managed usually?

Answer 21

stent or removal of aneurism

Question 22

What is an emboli?

Answer 22

Any object that gets lodged somewhere it isn’t supposed to be.

Question 23

True/False: Long term IV therapy, mitral stenosis, a-fib, and rheumatic heart disease are all possible risk factors for emboli.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Angioplasty has less than what percent mortality for treatment of emboli.

Answer 24

less than 50% mortality

Question 25

What percentage of patients with DVT actually show symptoms?

Answer 25

50%

Question 26

True/False: DVT's are more common in men and 1/3 of them happen to people >40 and with surgery or acute MI.

Answer 26

True and False. The 2nd part is true, but they are more common in women.

Question 27

What is post-phlebitic syndrome?

Answer 27

A form of chronic venous insufficiency that results from stretching from clot which happens 5-10 days post DVT.

Question 28

What is the primary risk factor for venous disease?

Answer 28

Venous stasis from immobility or standing on hard surfaces for too long.

Question 29

What test has replaced the Homan's test to be the standard scoring for venous disease?

Answer 29

Well's score

Question 30

When must anti-thrombolytic therapy be given to be at all effective?

Answer 30

1st 60 minutes

Question 31

What type of disease is thromboangitis obliterans or Buerger's Disease? What groups of people is it most common? What can it cause?

Answer 31

Vasospastic disease (like Raynaud's or TIA) South Asians, males 20-40 y/o, smokers It can cause amputation

Question 32

Which type of lymphedema most common, primary or 2ndary?

Answer 32

secondary (acquired).

Question 33

Which of these primary forms of lymphedema happen at birth, puberty, and middle age? Tarda Milroy Meige

Answer 33

birth: Milroy puberty: Meige middle age: Tarda

Question 34

What are the 2 risk factors for acquired or 2ndary lymphedema?

Answer 34

surgery (to remove lymph glands) and radiation treatment.

Question 35

What happens first in lymphedema, swelling or all the other symptoms?

Answer 35

All other symptoms first, swelling later.

Question 36

True/False. Htn happens in males >45 more often and females >55 more often.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

How many meds does an African American usually need to get htn under control? How many meds does a Caucasian need usually?

Answer 37

AA: 2 Caucasian: 1

Question 38

How does the brain detect changes in BP?

Answer 38

baroreceptors

Question 39

What are the 3 general treatments for Htn?

Answer 39

1. Meds (though they don't work good) 2. decrease salt in diet 3. increase exercise, decrease stress.

Question 40

What are the 5 common causes of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 40

1. too much Htn meds 2. prolonged bed rest 3. atherosclerosis 4. diabetes 5. neurogenic disorders

Question 41

What are the 2 main treatments for orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 41

1. Adjustment of medication | 2. progressive tilting

Question 42

What is the mortality for aortic dissection in 3 months?

Answer 42

90%