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Medical Surgical > Peripheral Vascular Disorders > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

In Peripheral Vascular Disorders, what happens to the blood flow?

A

Blood can’t go down in the arteries; Blood can’t go back up to the heart from the veins

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2
Q

What PVD is vaso-oclusive?

A

Buerger’s Disease

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3
Q

What is the other name for Buerger’s Disease?

A

thromboangitis obliterans

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Buerger’s

A

Blockage/obstruction of peripheral arteries (secondary to blood clot) → tissue ischemia + production of lactic acid (pain & inflammation) → tissue necrosis

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5
Q

What is the primary factor of Buerger’s?

A

Smoking/vaping

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6
Q

Buerger’s is common among ___________ (gender)

A

males

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7
Q

What are the predisposing factors for Buerger’s

A

-viscous blood (DM, high cholesterol, dehydration)
-sedentary lifestyle
-constrictive clothing
-OCP meds
-virchow’s triad

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8
Q

Why do oral contraceptive pills (OCP) increase the risk for Buerger’s?

A

OCP attracts a lot of estrogen → calcium is attracted → fibrinogens are created → clotting factor 1

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9
Q

What is the triad of conditions that increases the chances of getting a clot?

A

Virchow’s Triad

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10
Q

What are the components of Virchow’s Triad?

A

Stasis
Hypercoagulation (hereditary)
Endothelial injury (blood vessel)

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11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Buerger’s?

A
  • cold extremity on the affected portion
  • poor wound healing (risk for infection and gangrene)
  • pulselessness
  • pulse deficit
  • muscle wasting/atrophy
  • dry ulcers
  • hair loss
  • ischemic pain
  • altered sensations
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12
Q

What is the cardinal sign for Beurger’s?

A

Intermittent Claudication

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13
Q

What is Intermittent claudication?

A

Pain on the legs while walking or moving; relieved by rest

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14
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for Buerger’s?

A

Arteriogram
Doppler UTZ

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15
Q

Tests ending in -gram include what dye?

A

Iodine dye

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16
Q

What needs to be checked before giving tests that include iodine dye?

A

Kidney function (iodine dye is nephrotoxic)

17
Q

Tests that use iodine is contraindicated with the use of what drug?

A

Metformin (metformin + iodine = lactic acid; more pain)

18
Q

In Buerger’s, which should be given first, thrombolytics or anticoagulants?

A

thrombolytics should be given first since a blood clot is already present (dissolve), anticoagulants are given after to prevent the clot from forming again

19
Q

How should the extremity be positioned for a patient with Buerger’s Disease?

A

Affected area should be BELOW heart level
BEST POSITION: Semi-Fowler’s

20
Q

What PVD is vasospastic?

A

Raynaud’s Disease

21
Q

Raynaud’s is common in ___________ (gender)

A

females

22
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Raynaud’s?

A

Vasospasm of the peripheral arteries → tissue ischemia + production of lactic acid (pain & inflammation)

23
Q

Is necrosis present in Raynaud’s? why/why not?

A

Necrosis is absent in Raynaud’s since there is no complete obstruction of blood flow

24
Q

What is the primary factor for Raynaud’s?

A

Cold exposure

25
Q

What are the predisposing factors of Raynaud’s?

A
  • cold exposure
  • stress
  • smoking/vaping
  • SLE, RA, scleroderma (autoimmune)
26
Q

What is the drug of choice for all autoimmune disorders?

A

corticosteroids

27
Q

What are the clincial manifestations of Raynaud’s?

A
  • common site affected: fingers and toes
  • ischemic pain
  • poor wound healing
  • pulse deficit
  • has bilateral and symmetrical effect (both hands and feet)
  • cold extremities
  • warm extremities
28
Q

In Raynaud’s, cold extremities happen during what phase?

A

White/Blue

29
Q

In Raynaud’s, warm extremities happen during what phase?

A

red phase

30
Q

WOF: ________________, during the red phase

A

orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension)

31
Q

What is the cardinal sign for Raynaud’s?

A

Progressive Color Shifting (fingers & toes)
White → Blue → Red

32
Q

What are the diagnostic test for Raynaud’s?

A
  • Ice water test
  • Arteriogram
  • Doppler UTZ
33
Q

In Raynaud’s, vasodilators should be given during what phase?

A

White/Blue

34
Q

How should the patient’s affected extremity be positioned in Raynaud’s?

A

Below heart level

Medical Surgical (1 decks)

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