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Peripheral Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

At what level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

C4

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2
Q

What is clinically important characteristic of the central retinal artery?

A

End artery

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3
Q

What is an example of a visceral-visceral collateral circulation?

A

SMA: middle colic

IMA: left colic

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4
Q

What is an example of a visceral-systemic collateral circulation?

A

Abdominal aorta: lower anterior intercostals

External iliac: deep circumflex

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5
Q

What 2 structures does the vertebral artery pass through to get to the brain?

A

Transverse foramen (C6-C1) and then foramen magnum

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6
Q

Outline mechanism and anatomical principles of varicose veins

A

Anastomoses between deep and superficial veins.

Deep: anterior and posterior tibial veins + fibular vein to popliteal vein…

Superficial: short (popliteal) and long (femoral) saphenous veins

Incompetent valves, blood flows back into superficial veins

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7
Q

What muscle divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?

A

anterior scalene

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8
Q

What anastomosis occurs at the greater trochanter (femur)?

A

Internal iliac: superior/inferior gluteal

External iliac: medial/lateral circumflex

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9
Q

What artery is related in Hunter’s canal?

A

Popliteal artery

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10
Q

What trunk from the subclavian artery supplies in and around the scapular?

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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11
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery branch into?

A

Lateral and medial plantar artery?

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12
Q

At what point does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus

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13
Q

What are the 5 branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

Ophthalmic
Middle Cerebral
Anterior cerebral (via anterior communicating)
Anterior choroidal
Posterior communicating

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14
Q

What is an example of a structural abnormality related to the arterial circulation in the upper limb?

A

Trauma to axillary artery e.g. dislocated shoulder joint or fractured shaft of humerus

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15
Q

What is the main branch of the basilar artery?

A

posterior cerebral artery

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16
Q

Level of bifurcation of the brachial artery?

A

head of the radius

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17
Q

Outline Subclavian Steal syndrome

A

Block in subclavian artery.

Numbness in arm and tingling sensation + pulselessness

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18
Q

Clinical complication of early bifurcation of the brachial artery?

A

Ulnar artery descends superficial to flexor muscles (rather than deep) and can be mistaken for superficial vein resulting in intra arterial injection

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19
Q

What is the curve in the MR angiogram called?

A

Carotid siphon

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20
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

After the 1st rib

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21
Q

What are the main branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Sigmoid
Left colic

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22
Q

What are 3 branches of the internal thoracic artery?

A

Anterior intercostal
Musculophrenic
Superior epigastric

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23
Q

What does the anterior tibialis artery continue as?

A

Dorsalis pedis

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24
Q

What are the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

Internal thoracic
Vertebral
Inferior thyroid

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25
Dizziness and subclavian steal syndrome?
Affected side; blood will flow down vertebral artery to arm and collateral circulation Reduced blood flow to brain --> dizziness Contralateral vertebral blood flow normal
26
What are the main branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
Right colic Ileocolic Middle colic
27
What are the collateral circulations when there is a block in the descending aorta e.g. aortic stenosis or coarctation of aorta ?
posterior intercostal --> anterior intercostal --> superior epigastric internal thoracic --> superior epigastric external iliac --> inferior epigastric
28
At what level is the aortic bifurcation?
L4
29
What is the clinical relation of the middle meningeal artery?
Pterion extradural hemorrhage
30
What are the main branches of the coeliac artery?
Left gastric Splenic Common hepatic
31
What are the 3 branches of the deep femoral artery?
Medial circumflex femoral Perforating Lateral circumflex femoral
32
What is the surface anatomy of the dorsalis pedis?
Lateral to the extensor hallicus longus tendon
33
What are some of the lobes the the posterior cerebral artery supplies?
Occipital Inferior/medial temporal Thalamus
34
Through what does the internal carotid enter the brain?
Carotid canal
35
What is the scapular anastomosis and what arteries are involved?
Collateral circulation when there is a block in either the subclavian or axillary artery. Dorsal scapular + suprascapular (thoracocervical trunk) + Subscapular (axillary)
36
What surface of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply and what lobes?
Lateral - temporal and parietal
37
Briefly outline collateral circulation of a block in the internal carotid/ophthalmic artery?
External carotid via facial artery will try and contact the ophthalmic artery
38
What are the branches of the 2nd part of the axillary artery?
lateral thoracic
39
What are the branches of the 1st part of the axillary artery?
superior thoracic
40
What two systems contribute to the Circle of Willis?
Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery
41
Cubital Fossa acronym MAT
Median nerve Artery brachial Tendon biceps
42
What are the branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery?
anterior and posterior humeral circumflex subscapular
43
Where is the tibiofibular trunk?
Posterior, top of leg derived from popliteal artery
44
What is the ophthalmic artery a branch of?
Internal Carotid
45
What functions are lost with a blocked MCA
Speech Motor
46
At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
Mid inguinal point
47
What is the clinical implication of SMA thrombosis and clinical presentation?
Intestinal arteries occlusion Presentation: intestinal obstruction
48
When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
Lower border of the teres major
49
What collateral circulation is at the lower thigh?
Anastomosis between the perforating arteries and the popliteal artery
50
What function is affected when the PCA is blocked?
Vision
51
What is middle meningeal artery a branch of?
Maxillary artery
52
What is the difference between the carotid sinus and carotid body?
Carotid sinus: regulates blood pressure Carotid body: regulates acid-base balance
53
What are some of the branches of the ophthalmic artery?
Central retinal Lacrimal Supraorbital Posterior Cillary Muscular branches (supply extrocular muscles) Ethmoid
54
What is the vertebral artery a branch of?
1st part of the subclavian artery
55
What are the 2 dominant collateral circulations?
Systemic-systemic vessels Systemic-visceral (visceral-visceral) arteries
56
Where does the Circle of Willis sit?
Base of the brain: within the interpeduncular cistern of the subarachnoid space
57
What is the most distal branch of of the subclavian artery?
Dorsal scapular
58
What is the main branch of the femoral artery?
Profunda femoris
59
What are the 2 terminating branches of the internal carotid artery?
Middle cerebral Ophthalmic
60
What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?
External iliac artery
61
What gives rise to posterior intercostal arteries?
Descending aorta
62
What nerve does the central artery go through?
Optic nerve
63
What are the most common levels for intercostal collateralisation in abdominal aorta occlusion?
T11 and T12
64
What is the superficial temporal artery a branch of?
External Carotid

Clinical Anatomy (5 decks)

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