Peritoneal Cavity and Abdomen Wall Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

The peritoneal cavity is lined with what cells?

What is produced?

A

Lined with mesothelium (flatted simple squamous epithelium)

A lubricating serous fluid is produced (by the mesothelium)

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3
Q

Compare Intra- and Retro-Peritoneal Organs

A

Intra-peritoneal: Organs enveloped by peritoneum

Retroperitoneal: Behind peritoneum (Peritoneum in contact with anterior surface of these organs)

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4
Q

Name 3 Intra and 3 Retro Peritoneal Organs

A

Intra:

  • Liver
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine

Retro:

  • Vertebrae
  • Ascending Colon
  • Kidney
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5
Q

Are Intraperitoneal organs within the peritoneal cavity?

A

No, but they are enveloped within the cavity

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6
Q

Compare the Visceral and Parietal Peritoneum

A

Visceral: Envelopes viscera
Parietal: Lines cavity wall

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7
Q

What is the Mesentery of the GI Tract (A newly classified organ)

What does it allow?

A
  • A double fold of peritoneum that attaches certain viscera to the the posterior abdominal wall (Holds them in place)
  • Allows passage of blood and lymph vessels from Retroperitoneal space to organs without breaching peritoneal cavity
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8
Q

What is a Peritoneal Ligament?

A

A double fold of peritoneum that connects two viscera together

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9
Q

What is an Aponeurosis?

What is the Linea Alba?

A

A flattened tendon (thin and sheet like)

A thick, fibrous band that extends from the Xiphoid Process of Sternum to the Pubic Symphysis

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10
Q

List the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles and identify which groups they’re in

A

Flat;

  • External Oblique (Runs Inferiomedially)
  • Internal Oblique (Runs Superomedially)
  • Transversus Abdominis

Vertical;

  • Rectus Abdominis
  • Pyramidalis
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11
Q

Pyramidalis is a small muscle, superficial to Rectus Abdominis.

State its Origin, Insertion and Action

A

Origin: Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Crest
Insertion: Linea Alba

Action: Tenses Linea Alba

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12
Q

State the Origins and Insertions of External Oblique (It moves Inferomedially)

Explain why this muscle actually forms one of its insertions

A

O: Ribs 5-12
Ins: Iliac crest, Inguinal Ligament, Linea Alba

The Inguinal Ligament is actually a thickened roll of the External Oblique as it extends from the ASIS to the Pubic Symphysis

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13
Q

List the actions of External Oblique

A
  • Compress Abdominal Vicera
  • Trunk flexion (Both sides contract)
  • Contralateral trunk rotation
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14
Q

State the Origins and Insertions of Internal Oblique (Perpendicular to External Oblique)

A

O: Lateral Inguinal Ligament, Iliac crest, Thoracolumbar Fascia

Ins: Linea Alba, Lower Ribs (10-12), Pubic Crest

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15
Q

List the actions of Internal Oblique

A
  • Compress abdominal viscera
  • Trunk flexion (Both sides contract)
  • Ipsilateral Trunk rotation
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16
Q

The Lateral Abdominal muscles have an unusually extensive aponeurosis.

Which parts of the muscles are aponeuroses

A

Envelop the midline Rectus Abdominis muscles

17
Q

Is Rectus Abdominis or Transversus Abdominis deeper?

A

Transversus Abdominis

18
Q

State the Origins, Insertions and Actions of Transversus Abdominis

A

O: Costal cartilages of lower ribs (7-12), Thoracolumbar Fascia, Iliac crest, Inguinal ligament

Ins: Linea Alba, Pubic Crest

A: Compression of viscera + Core stability

19
Q

State the Innervations of the 3 Lateral Abdominal wall muscles

A

External Oblique- T7 to T12, L1
Internal Oblique- T7 to T12, L1
Transversus Abdominis- T7 to T12

20
Q

What is deep to Transversus Abdominis?

A

Transversalis Fascia

21
Q

State the origins and insertions of Rectus Abdominis

What do you call the surface marking made by the lateral borders?

A

O: Pubic crest and Symphysis
Ins: Xiphoid process and Costal cartilages 5-7

Linea semilunaris

22
Q

At several places the Rectus Abdominis is intersected by Fibrous Strips, what are these called?

A

Tendinous Intersections (These along with the Linea Alba give us the appearance of a 6 pack)

23
Q

List the actions of Rectus Abdominis

A
  • Assists the flat muscles in compression of viscera
  • Stabilises pelvis during walking
  • Depresses ribs
24
Q

What is the Rectus Sheath

A

The apouneuroses of the 3 lateral muscles surrounding the Rectus Abdominis (both posteriorly and anteriorly)

25
Q

Identify what make up the Anterior and Posterior walls of the Rectus Sheath

A

Anterior: Aponeuroses of External Oblique and of half of Internal Oblique

Posterior: Aponeuroses of half of Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis

26
Q

Where is the Arcuate Line?

How does the Rectus Sheath change as it crosses this line inferiorly.

A

Halfway between Umbilicus and Pubic Symphysis

All the aponeuroses of the Rectus Sheath move anterior to Rectus Abdominis

27
Q

Below the Arcuate Line, what lies posterior to Rectus Abdominis

(These were also present above the Arcuate Line)

A
  • Transversalis Fascia

- Parietal Peritoneum

28
Q

List 9 Retroperitoneal organs

Remember: SAD PUCKER

A
Suprarenal Glands (Adrenal glands)
Aorta + IVC
Duodenum
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (Descending and ascending)
Kidneys 
Esophagus
Rectum