Peritoneal Cavity and Abdomen Wall Muscles Flashcards
(28 cards)
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
The peritoneal cavity is lined with what cells?
What is produced?
Lined with mesothelium (flatted simple squamous epithelium)
A lubricating serous fluid is produced (by the mesothelium)
Compare Intra- and Retro-Peritoneal Organs
Intra-peritoneal: Organs enveloped by peritoneum
Retroperitoneal: Behind peritoneum (Peritoneum in contact with anterior surface of these organs)
Name 3 Intra and 3 Retro Peritoneal Organs
Intra:
- Liver
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
Retro:
- Vertebrae
- Ascending Colon
- Kidney
Are Intraperitoneal organs within the peritoneal cavity?
No, but they are enveloped within the cavity
Compare the Visceral and Parietal Peritoneum
Visceral: Envelopes viscera
Parietal: Lines cavity wall
What is the Mesentery of the GI Tract (A newly classified organ)
What does it allow?
- A double fold of peritoneum that attaches certain viscera to the the posterior abdominal wall (Holds them in place)
- Allows passage of blood and lymph vessels from Retroperitoneal space to organs without breaching peritoneal cavity
What is a Peritoneal Ligament?
A double fold of peritoneum that connects two viscera together
What is an Aponeurosis?
What is the Linea Alba?
A flattened tendon (thin and sheet like)
A thick, fibrous band that extends from the Xiphoid Process of Sternum to the Pubic Symphysis
List the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Muscles and identify which groups they’re in
Flat;
- External Oblique (Runs Inferiomedially)
- Internal Oblique (Runs Superomedially)
- Transversus Abdominis
Vertical;
- Rectus Abdominis
- Pyramidalis
Pyramidalis is a small muscle, superficial to Rectus Abdominis.
State its Origin, Insertion and Action
Origin: Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Crest
Insertion: Linea Alba
Action: Tenses Linea Alba
State the Origins and Insertions of External Oblique (It moves Inferomedially)
Explain why this muscle actually forms one of its insertions
O: Ribs 5-12
Ins: Iliac crest, Inguinal Ligament, Linea Alba
The Inguinal Ligament is actually a thickened roll of the External Oblique as it extends from the ASIS to the Pubic Symphysis
List the actions of External Oblique
- Compress Abdominal Vicera
- Trunk flexion (Both sides contract)
- Contralateral trunk rotation
State the Origins and Insertions of Internal Oblique (Perpendicular to External Oblique)
O: Lateral Inguinal Ligament, Iliac crest, Thoracolumbar Fascia
Ins: Linea Alba, Lower Ribs (10-12), Pubic Crest
List the actions of Internal Oblique
- Compress abdominal viscera
- Trunk flexion (Both sides contract)
- Ipsilateral Trunk rotation
The Lateral Abdominal muscles have an unusually extensive aponeurosis.
Which parts of the muscles are aponeuroses
Envelop the midline Rectus Abdominis muscles
Is Rectus Abdominis or Transversus Abdominis deeper?
Transversus Abdominis
State the Origins, Insertions and Actions of Transversus Abdominis
O: Costal cartilages of lower ribs (7-12), Thoracolumbar Fascia, Iliac crest, Inguinal ligament
Ins: Linea Alba, Pubic Crest
A: Compression of viscera + Core stability
State the Innervations of the 3 Lateral Abdominal wall muscles
External Oblique- T7 to T12, L1
Internal Oblique- T7 to T12, L1
Transversus Abdominis- T7 to T12
What is deep to Transversus Abdominis?
Transversalis Fascia
State the origins and insertions of Rectus Abdominis
What do you call the surface marking made by the lateral borders?
O: Pubic crest and Symphysis
Ins: Xiphoid process and Costal cartilages 5-7
Linea semilunaris
At several places the Rectus Abdominis is intersected by Fibrous Strips, what are these called?
Tendinous Intersections (These along with the Linea Alba give us the appearance of a 6 pack)
List the actions of Rectus Abdominis
- Assists the flat muscles in compression of viscera
- Stabilises pelvis during walking
- Depresses ribs
What is the Rectus Sheath
The apouneuroses of the 3 lateral muscles surrounding the Rectus Abdominis (both posteriorly and anteriorly)
