Peritoneum

Question 0

what orifice of the stomach communicates w/ the esophagus?

Answer 0

cardial orifice

Question 1

where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 1

T10

Question 2

what orifice of the stomach communicates w/ the duodenum?

Answer 2

Pyloric orifice

Question 3

where does the small intestine begin and end?

Answer 3

begins at the pyloric orifice and ends at the ileocecal junction

Question 4

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 4

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 5

where does the duodenum begin and end?

Answer 5

begins at pyloric orifice and ends at duodenojejunal flexure

Question 6

what are the 4 parts of the duodenum in order?

Answer 6

superior
descending
horizontal
ascending

Question 7

where does the jejunum and ileum begin and end?

Answer 7

jejunum begins at duodenojejunal junction and ileum end at ileocecal junction
jejunum is in the upper part
ileum is in the lower part

Question 8

what are the parts of the large intestine?

Answer 8

cecum + vermiform appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal

Question 9

where does the ascending colon start and stop?

Answer 9

goes superiorly from the ileocecal junction to the inferior surface of the liver where it becomes continuous w/ transverse colon

Question 10

where in the body does the sigmoid colon terminate?

Answer 10

in the pelvis at the level of S3

Question 11

what path does the rectum take?

Answer 11

Begins at S3 and descends in front of the sacrum and coccyx

leaves the pelvic cavity by piercing the pelvic floor

Question 12

what are the 4 parts of the pancreas?

Answer 12

head
neck
body
tail

Question 13

what path do the ureters take?

Answer 13

descend on the psoas major muscle, enter pelvic cavity, and open into urinary bladder

Question 14

what are the 2 parts of the adrenal glands?

Answer 14

cortex (outer)

medulla (inner) - formed from neural crest cells

Question 15

what is visceral peritoneum?

Answer 15

peritoneum that covers abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 16

what is parietal peritoneum?

Answer 16

Peritoneum that lines walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 17

what is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 17

potential space b/w the visceral and parietal layers of peritoneum
closed in males and communites w/ outside through reproductive system in females

Question 18

what are examples of intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 18

stomach
jejunum
ileum
transverse colon
spleen

Question 19

what are examples of retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 19

most of duodenum and pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon
kidneys
suprarenal glands
abdominal aorta
IVC

Question 20

what does the falciform ligament connect?

Answer 20

the liver to the anterior abdominal wall + diaphragm

Question 21

what does the coronary ligament connect?

Answer 21

the liver to the diaphragm

Question 22

what does the splenorenal ligament connect?

Answer 22

the spleen to the left kidney

Question 23

what does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?

Answer 23

spleen to stomach

Question 24

what does the lesser omentum connect?

Answer 24

connects the lesser curvature of the stomach + 1st part of duodenum to visceral surface of liver

Question 25

what are the two parts of the lesser omentum?

Answer 25

hepatogastric ligament (thin)
hepatoduodenal ligament (contains vessels)

Question 26

what does the greater omentum connect?

Answer 26

hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach in front of the coils of jejunum and ileum

Question 27

what are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 27

duodenum
pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon

Question 28

what is the median umbilical fold?

Answer 28

covers median umbilical ligament which extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus
remnant of allantois

Question 29

what is the medial umbilical fold?

Answer 29

covers medial umbilical ligaments which are fibrous cord that ascend from the pelvis to the umbilicus
remnants of umbilical arteries

Question 30

what is the lateral umbilical fold?

Answer 30

covers inferior epigastric vessels

Question 31

what is the supravesical fossa?

Answer 31

formed as peritoneum passes from the anterior abdominal wall onto the urinary bladder
b/w medial and medial umbilical folds

Question 32

what is the medial inguinal fossa?

Answer 32

b/w medial and lateral umbilical folds
site of Hesselbach’s triangle
potential for direct inguinal hernia

Question 33

what is the lateral inguinal fossa?

Answer 33

site of deep inguinal ring

potential for indirect hernia

Question 34

what is the only opening in the lesser sac?

Answer 34

omental foramen/ foramen of Winslow

Question 35

what are the main structures of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 35

portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and bile duct

Question 36

what are paracolic gutters?

Answer 36

grooves b/w lateral aspects of ascending and descending colon that allow free communication b/w supracolic and infracolic spaces

Question 37

what innervates the central diaphragm?

Answer 37

phrenic nerves

Question 38

what innervates the peripheral part of the diaphragm?

Answer 38

lower 5 intercostal and subcostal nerves

Question 39

what innervates the remainder of the diaphragm (other than periphery and central)?

Answer 39

lower 5 intercostals
subcostal nerves
iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal n.

Question 40

what innervates the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 40

visceral sensory fibers that travel w/ sympathetic and parasympathetic n.s

Question 41

what does pain in the visceral peritoneum feel like?

Answer 41

usually dull and poorly localized

Question 42

what does pain in the parietal peritoneum feel like?

Answer 42

severe and well localized