Personal Identification Flashcards
(37 cards)
Was a French criminologist and anthropologist who
created the first system of physical measurements, photography, and
record-keeping that police could use to identify recidivist criminals.
Alphonse Bertillon
Fingerprints were used in clay tablets for business
transactions. 1000 - 2000 BC
Ancient Babylon
the first system of personal identification.
Anthropometry
Two Indian fingerprint experts credited with primary development of the Henry System of fingerprint classification (named after their supervisor,
Edward Richard Henry).
Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose(1897)
A system of identification which focuses on the
meticulous measurement and recording of different parts and components
of the human body.
Bertillon System
It is the examination and thorough study fo the palms of
the human hand as a point indentifying persons.
Chiroscopy
- Approximate center of the pattern
2. It is placed upon or within the innermost sufficient recurve.
Core
- point on a ridge at or nearest to the point of divergence of two typelines and
- is located at or directly in front of the point of divergence.
Delta
he accomplished the first fingerprint file
established in the United States, and the first use of fingerprinting
by a U.S. government agency.
Dr. Henry P. DeForrest
in 1684, he was the first European to publish
friction ridge skin observations.
Dr. Nehemiah Grew
the study of the morphological characteristics of
friction ridges; shape or contour of the edges of friction ridges.
Edgeoscopy
informally referred to as the Sherlock Holmes of France,
he developed the science of poroscopy, the study of fingerprint pores and the impressions produced by these pores. He went on to write that
if 12 specific points were identical between two fingerprints, it would
be sufficient for positive identification. This work led to the use of
fingerprints in identifying criminals being adopted over Bertillon’s
earlier technique of anthropometry.
Edmond Locard
is an impression of the friction ridge of all or any
part of the finger. Fingerprint ridges are formed during the third
to fourth month of fetal development.
Fingerprint
He used his thumb print on a document to prevent
forgery. First known use of fingerprints in the U.S.
Gilbert Thompson
anatomy professor at the University of
Breslau, in 1823, he published his thesis discussing nine fingerprint
patterns but he made no mention of the value of fingerprints for
personal identification.
John Evangelist Purkinje
In 1892, two boys were brutally murdered in the
village of Necochea, near Buenos Aires, Argentina. Initially,
suspicion fell on a man named Velasquez, a suitor of the children’s
mother, Francisca Rojas. Investigators found a bloody fingerprint at
the crime scene and contacted Juan Vucetich, who was developing a
system of fingerprint identification for police use. Vucetich compared
the fingerprints of Rojas and Velasquez with the bloody fingerprint.
Francisca Rojas had denied touching the bloody bodies, but the
fingerprint matched one of hers. Confronted with the evidence, she
confessed—the first successful use of fingerprint identification in a
murder investigation.
Juan Vucetich
- One or more ridges enter upon either side
- Recurve
- Touch or pass an imaginary line between delta and core
- Pass out or tend to pass out upon the same side the ridges entered.
Loop
Three Loop Characteristics
- A sufficient recurve
- A Delta
- A ridge count across a looping ridge
in 1686, an anatomy professor at the University of
Bologna, noted fingerprint ridges, spirals and loops in his treatise.
A layer of skin was named after him; “Malpighi” layer, which is
approximately 1.8mm thick.
Marcelo Malpighi -
author of the novel Pudd’nhead Wilson where one of the
characters has a hobby of collecting fingerprints.
Mark Twain
published his observations
that (latent) fingerprints can be developed on paper by iodine fuming,
explaining how to preserve (fix) such developed impressions and
mentioning the potential for identifying suspects’ fingerprints by
use of a magnifying glass.
Paul-Jean Coulier - of Val-de-Grâce in Paris
refers to the examination of the shape,size and
arrangement of the small opening on friction ridge through which body
fluids are secreted or released.
Poroscopy
a term coined by Wilder and Wentwrth which refers to the examination of the soles and their significance in personal identification.
Podoscopy
describes the individualization process of any area of
friction skin using all available detail.
Ridgeology
