Personality

Question 1

Personality Trait

Answer 1

a pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that is relatively consistent over time and across situations

Question 2

Temperaments

Answer 2

biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways

Question 3

Temperament qualities

Answer 3

activity level
emotionality
sociability

Question 4

Freud’s Structural Model of Personality

Answer 4

Id
Superego
Ego

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

completely unconsious

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

social and parental standards

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

the mixture of id and superego

Question 8

Trait approach

Answer 8

an approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions

Question 9

Five factor theory of personality

Answer 9

openness to experience
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

Question 10

Behavioral Approach System

Answer 10

the brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards, the “go” system. Sensitivity to rewards.

Question 11

Behavioral Inhibition System

Answer 11

the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or paint; the “stop” system. Sensitivity to punishment or rejection.

Question 12

Expectancy-value approach

Answer 12

internal/external locus of control

Question 13

Locus of control

Answer 13

personal beliefs about how much control people have over outcomes in their lives

Question 14

Internal locus of control

Answer 14

believe they bring about their own rewards

Question 15

External locus of reward

Answer 15

rewards and their personal fates result from forces beyond their control

Question 16

Humanistic Approaches

Answer 16

emphasize personal experience, belief systems, the uniqueness of the narrative of each human life, and the inherent goodness of each person

Question 17

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 17

the theory that the expression of personality can be explained by the interaction of environment, personal factors and behavior itself

Question 18

The factors that influence behavior (Bandura)

Answer 18

1. The person’s environment
2. Multiple person factors (characteristics, self-confidence, expectations)
3. Behavior

Question 19

Situationism

Answer 19

the theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits

Question 20

Person/situation debate

Answer 20

is personality based on situation or traits

Question 21

How much traits predict behavior depends on 3 factors

Answer 21

1. the centrality (importance) of the trait
2. the aggregation of behaviors over time
3. the type of trait being evaluated

Question 22

Self-monitoring

Answer 22

how much a particular person tends to change to the situation

Question 23

Cognitive affective processing system

Answer 23

people react in predictable ways to specific conditions

Question 24

Strong situations

Answer 24

tend to mask differences in personality because of their power of the social environment

Question 25

Weak situations

Answer 25

tend to reveal differences in personality

Question 26

Interactionism

Answer 26

the theory that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying dispositions

Question 27

Basic tendencies

Answer 27

dispositional traits determined largely by biological processes; very stable

Question 28

Characteristic adaptations

Answer 28

adjustments to situational demands; tend to be somewhat consistent because they are based on skills, habits, roles, etc.

Question 29

Rank-order stability

Answer 29

stability in personality refers to a lack of change in where a person stands on the trait relative to other people

Question 30

Idiographic Approaches

Answer 30

person-centered approaches to studying personality; focus in on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons

Question 31

Nomothetic approaches

Answer 31

approaches to assessing personality that focus on how common characteristics vary from person to person (the five factor theory)

Question 32

Projective measures

Answer 32

personality tests that examine unconscious processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli

Question 33

Rorschach Inkblot Test (RIT)

Answer 33

a person looks at an apparently meaningless inkblot and describes what it appears to be

Question 34

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 34

a person is shown an ambiguous picture and is asked to tell a story about it

Question 35

Social Comparison

Answer 35

the tendency for people to evaluate their own actions, abilities, and beliefs by contrasting them with other peoples'

Question 36

Self-serving Bias

Answer 36

the tendency for people to take personal credit success but blame failure on external factors

Question 37

Self-concept

Answer 37

a web of information that you know and believe about yourself

Question 38

Self-schema

Answer 38

a knowledge structure that contains memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self and the helps people efficiently perceive, organize, interpret, and use information related to themselves

Question 39

Working self-concept

Answer 39

the part of the self-concept that is available during immediate experience

Question 40

Self-esteem

Answer 40

the evaluative aspect of the self-concept in which people feel worthy or unworthy

Question 41

Reflected- appraisal

Answer 41

the process of learning about oneself through the eyes of others

Question 42

Sociometer

Answer 42

an internal monitor of social acceptance or rejection