personality Flashcards
(15 cards)
define personality
unique psychological make-up
what is an extrovert and introvert
ex - loud and bright personalities
in - quiet and reserved personalities
characteristics of an extrovert
outgoing
comfortable in peoples company
tend to prefer team sports
very confident
cope better with arousal
perform better under pressure
enjoy challenge
like responsibility
characteristics of an introvert
shy/reserved
comfortable in own company
tend to prefer individual sports
dont perform well under pressure
prefer activities that focus on accuracy over force
what is the big personality debate (the different perspectives)
nature (trait) vs nurture (social learning)
interactionist perspective
-lewin
-hollander
features of the trait theory
believes individuals are born with innate characteristics called traits
determined genetically
they are deemed to be stable as they are permanent in differing situations
behaviour is consistent and can be predicted
formula for Lewins model
behaviour is a function of personality x environment
B = F (P x E)
In the Hollander model, what are the three aspects to an individuals personality
inside - to - outside of a circle
the core - the real you and your trubeliefs and values, it does not change and it represents stable aspects of your personality
typical responces - describes how individuals usually respond
role-related behaviour - how an individual responds in a specific environment, this may be uncharactoristic behaviour, the most unstable aspect of your personality and doesnt necassarily reflect your core
Hollander believed that the environment does influence behaviour (social learning)
what does the trait theory not consider
personality can change with the situation / environment
personalities can be formed from experience
charactoristics of the social learning approach
believes we learn our personality/behaviours from significant others
more likely to cope those with similar characteristics
personality traits are developed through socialisation with others
more likely to copy behaviour that is consistantly shown
it changes according to the situation, so behaviour can not be predicted
limitations of social learning
does not consider the gentical aspect to trait theory and a persons natural tendancy to show specific behaviours in any given situation
hard to measure influence of learning / changes in behaviour
some people never change
what does Lewins model state
an individuals personality is produced when both their natural traits and the experiences they have learned combine in a specific situation
B = f (PxE)
a performer will adapt to the situation, even behaving differently than how they normally would
what is the interactionist perspective
believes behaviours can be influenced by both genetic and environmental influences
it combines the two underlying concepts: trait theory and social learning approach
there is two models withing this perspective: Lewin’s model and the Hollander model
how can the interactionist perspective improve performance
allows coach to predict behaviour and avoid negative situations by removing performer from the situation
identifying aspects of personality can help coaches change behaviour through training and creating experiences
coaches can help performers act certain ways by encouraging different behaviour in certian circumstances (offering feedback + advice)
limitations to the interactive perspective
personality is seen as stable but an environment can be seen as unstable, particular competitive situations may require certain behavioural responces from a performer, which may be difficult depending on their traits
a performers core values could be very hard to alter, behaviour is stable but this could be positive or negative
reinforcement from significant others could lead to the behaviour of the performer being continued - could be negative or positive
performers need to understand their personality profile as this may assist them in altering / adapting / learning to cope better in any given competitive situation
