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Personality Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is personality

A

The sum of an individuals characteristics which make them unique

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2
Q

What’s does personality refer to in sport

A

Enduring patterns of thoughts, behaviours and emotions by athletes in sporting contexts

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3
Q

How can personality influence an athlete

A

Performance style
Motivation
Resilience
How they handle pressure
Teamwork

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4
Q

What is personality closely linked to

A

Feedback
Tactical changes
Coping strategies

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5
Q

Name the 4 personality theories

A

Trait theory (eyesnck)
Social learning theory (bandura)
Internationalist approach (lewin & Hollander)
Biological theory (Sheldon)

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6
Q

What does trait theory suggest

A

Personality is inherent, predictable and in the athletes genes
Maintains it is innate and a persons natural tendency
Behaviours are consistent

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7
Q

Limitation of eysencks trait theory

A

Does not take into account adapting behaviour or that behaviour is not always predictable

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8
Q

What are the two main dimensions to personality

A

Introvert-extrovert dimension
Stable-neurotic (unstable) dimension

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9
Q

Characteristics of an introvert

A

Anxious under pressure
Reserved and quiet
Prefer individual activities
High sensitivity to pain and stress
Prefer low arousal situations
Good concentration and calm

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10
Q

Characteristics of extrovert

A

Outgoing and sociable
Enjoys social interaction
Low sensitivity to pain and stress
Enjoy high arousal situations
Often seem excitement
Risk takers
Thrive under pressure

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11
Q

Characteristics of a stable personality

A

Correct/rational decisions
Copes under pressure Reserved
Calm, even tempered
Predictable
Consistent
Not easily stressed /anxious

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12
Q

Characteristics of a neurotic personality

A

Anxious, moody, emotional
Unpredictable
Easily stressed / agitated
May struggle under pressure
Often need psychology strategies to manage performance anxiety

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13
Q

Two types of narrow band theory

A

Type A
Type B

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14
Q

Type a characteristics

A

Highly competitive
Desire to succeed
Need to be in control
Prone to stress
-linked to athletes

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15
Q

Type b characteristics

A

Non competitive
Lacks desire to succeed
Doesn’t enjoy control
Less prone to stress

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16
Q

What does the social learning theory explain

A

How athletes learn behaviour by watching others, eg learning and copying

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17
Q

How is personality learned according to SLT

A

Environmental experiences and the influences of others

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18
Q

What does SLT not take into account

A

Nature (trait theory)
Doesn’t always observe positive behaviour

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19
Q

What does the interactionalist theory suggest

A

Lewin suggests personality traits interact with environment to influence behaviour,
neither nature or nurture can fully explain behaviour
Traits determine behaviour but can be modified by situations

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20
Q

Lewins summary:

A

Behaviour is the function of of personality and environment
(B) = F (P E)

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21
Q

Example of interactionalist theory in sport

Study These Flashcards
A

A player may be naturally aggressive
-trait
but only show it in a high stake match situation - situation

22
Q

Innate factors of the athlete’s personality cannot be changed by a coach
True or false

23
Q

What was Hollanders theory

Study These Flashcards
A

Concentric ring theory - explains the interactionalist approach

24
Q

What is the psychological core

Study These Flashcards
A

“The real you”
This remains constant and stable and is often concealed

25
What is the typical response
-usual way we respond -learned and stored experiences -may indicate nature of the core (Can be modified or learned)
26
What is role related behaviour
-determined perception of environment -can change at any time (Dynamic and changeable, personalities surface)
27
How does the boundary line change as you get closer to the core
Boundary line of each gets wider as you get closer to the core, harder to show the “real you”
28
What is biological theory -Sheldon
Personality is categorised into 3 personalities based on PHYSICAL MAKEUP personality is demonstrated based on physical attributes and the relationship between build and behaviour
29
What are the 3 categories of personality for the biological approach
Endomorph Ectomorph Mesomorph
30
What is a criticism of the biological approach
Body shape and type may change but personality could stay the same It is also stereotyping
31
Endomorph physical characteristics
Physically quite round Wide hips, narrow shoulders Can build muscle easily, less definition Lots of fat spread across the body Prone to weight gain , hard to lose
32
Endomorph psychological characteristics
Sociable Charismatic Tolerant Even tempered Relaxed
33
Ectomorph physical characteristics
Narrow shoulders and hips Thin narrow chest and abdomen Very little body fat -Fast metabolism Naturally lean Good endurance Hard to gain weight/muscle
34
Ectomorph psychological characteristics
Self conscious Introverted Inhibited Socially anxious Intense Thoughtful
35
Mesomorph phsyical characteristics
Desirable body / well proportioned Muscular body Strong, adaptable to various training Broad shoulders, narrow waist Very little body fat- balanced distribution Fat can be gained but lost easily
36
Mesomorph psychological characteristics
Adventurous Courageous Assertive Competitive Risk taker Extroverted
37
What body type is the most athletic?
Mesomorph - type A personality
38
What feedback is best for introverts
Positive -appreciate positive private feedback (may internalise negative) KOP- focus internally on details KOR- make take a broader outcome more modestly
39
What feedback is best for extroverts
Positive- thrive in public acknowledgment Negative- may openly discuss and seek advice KOP- benefit from interactive and discussion based feedback KOR- enjoy and actively in team discussions
40
What feedback is best for stable
Positive- often react consistently Negative- remain composed and listen calmly, without emotional distribution KOP- value specific and detailed feedback to make precise improvement KOR- consider broader outcomes in a balanced manner
41
What feedback is best for neurotic
Positive- may seek reassurance, confirmation and praise
42
What feedback is not best for neurotic personalities
Negative- react emotionally and become overwhelmed KOP- may overthink and obsess, excessively worrying over technique KOR- feel heightened anxiety or pressure
43
What are personality profiling methods
Identifies strengths and can improve limitations
44
Personality profiling can be achieved through:
Questionnaires Inteviews Coach observations
45
Examples of questionnaires
Sport competition anxiety test (SCAT) castles 16PF questionnaire
46
Ads and disads of questionnaires
Ads Standardised for comparison Cost effective and efficient Qualitative data- easy analysis Reduced social bias Disads- Lack of depth/detail Response bias/social desirability Limited expression Central tendency Easily misinterpreted
47
Ads and disads of interviews
Ads- In depth, qualitative data Flexibility in probing responses Personal interaction with non verbal cues Disads- Time consuming, possibly costly Interview bias/ influence Limited generalisability- small sample
48
Ads and disads of coach observations
Ads- Real time, authentic Contextual insight Ongoing feedback No response bias Disads- Time consuming(extensive observation) Subjective interpretation Limited scope May miss broader aspects Difficult to assess “real version”
49
What is POMS
profile of mood state- A questionnaire developed by McNair, larr and droppleman (1971)
50
What does POMS do
Helps identify an individual overall emotional profile at a specific time
51
What did morgan and Johnson find of the POMS
Found that plotting elite performers mood state results before competition exhibited the in a graph
52
What does a successful performer show in the POMS graph
An iceberg profile, with a raised peak when vigour is reached -tend to be shown by elite athletes Tension- depression- anger (slight increase) Vigour (Sharp rise/ peak) falls dramatically to fatigue Fatigue- confusion (slight decrease)

Sport Psychology (6 decks)

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