Personality Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is Personality?
The psychological qualities that influence an individual’s characteristic behaviour patterns, in a stable and distinct way
What is a trait?
Trait is a relatively stable quality or attribute of an individuals personlaity, influecning behaviour in a partcular direction
What is type?
Type is a descriptive label for a distinct pattern of personality characterisitics, such as introvert, extravert or neurotic
What was Jung’s theory?
Based on physcoligical preferences for
extraversion or introversion
sensing or intuition
thinking or feeling
judging or percieving
What is the Myers Briggs type indicator
Using Jung’s theory, developed one of the worlds most popular personality tests
approach assigns a letter to each of the four different dimensions, establishing 16 perosonality types
What are the five traits in the big five personality test?
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeabeness
Neuroticism
Difference between trait and type?
Type approaches fit people into categories posseing common behaviour patterns
A trait on the otherhand, is an enduring behvaiour that occurs in a variety of settings
Whilst individuals belong to types, traits belong to individuals
You fit a type : you have a trait
Explain trait clusters
Developed by Hans Jurgen Eysenck
Each individual person possesses more or less of a number of identifiable traits
Reserach shows how individuals who have a particular trait are more likely to posses another trait than somoene who doesn’t possess the original trait.
In other words traits tend to ‘cluster’ in systematic patterns
What is someone with a high openness score an indication of?
Someone’s openness to experience score is an indication of someone’s creativity and imagination.
Someone with a high score is said to be intellectually curious, sensitive of beauty, appreciative of art and more open to his or her feelings.
What is someone with a low openess score an indication of?
someone with a low score is said to be down to earth, conventional and not as aware of his or her feelings. They tend to have narrow interests and prefer plain and narrow solutions to those more complex and adventurous.
What does conscientiousness adress?
Conscientiousness concerns the way we control and direct our impulses
What does extraversion measure
A measure of someones engagement with the world.
Extraverts enjoy engaging with people, have lots of energy and positive emotions
Introverts have low energy levels and prefer less social engagement
Percieved as shy, whereas they dont need as much socail engagement as others
What does agreeableness measure?
Measure of someones general concern for social harmony
Get along with others
friendly considerate and compasionate
optimistic view on general population
believe people will be trustworthy
On other hand
selfish, intrests above others
dont care about other people
suspicisous skepical and unable to trust others
What does Neurotiscism measure?
Tendency to experience negative emotions, such as depressions, anger an anxiety
tend to react differently to situations than others, and can sometimes find normal occuracne threatinging
How does the big five affect management?
Moufati, Furnham and Crump studies 900 british managers from ten organisations
Three conclusions
Conscientiousness was positevly realted to management level. More likely to be promoted if capable, sensitive, effective, well- organized, high level jobs however could encourage the develoment of these charateristics
Neuroticism was negatiely realted to management level. Less likely to be promoeted if you appear nervous tense ect. People with these characteristic may avoid high levels jobs, however stress may increaes it
Extraversion was psotovely realted to m`ngement level
More likely to be promoted if outgoing and dominent
Exverted activity, attend meetings, give talks and interat socailly all day.
Name some characteristic of a type A personality
ambition
hostility
impatience
sense of constant time pressure
Name some characteristics of type B
relaxation
low focus on achievement
ability to take time to enjoy leisure
What can cause stress in a work environment?
Inadequite physical working environment
inapproprite job design
poor managemnt style
poor relationships
uncertain future
divided loyalties
