Personality (6)

Question 1

Statistical Theory

Answer 1

Big-Five Model (Robert McCrae; Paul Costa)

Question 2

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 2

Freud’s Psychoanalytic theories (Sigmund Freud)

Question 3

Humanistic Theory

Answer 3

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Abraham Maslow)
• Roger’s Self-Actualization Theory (Carl Rogers)

Question 4

Cognitive Theory

Answer 4

• Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory (George Kelly)
• Rotter’s Locus of Control Theory (Julian Rotter)

Question 5

Situationism

Answer 5

behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits

Question 6

Situationism Challenges

Answer 6

the most basic definition of personality; personality is a set of traits that are relatively stable across situations and time

Question 7

If Situationisms Hold True,

Answer 7

then personality does not exist

Question 8

Self-Monitoring

Answer 8

involves being sensitive to cues of situational appropriateness

Question 9

People High in Self-Monitoring

Answer 9

alter their behavior to match the situation, so they exhibit low levels of consistency

Question 10

People Low in Self-Monitoring

Answer 10

are less able to alter their self-presentations to match situational demands, so they tend to be more consistent across situations

Question 11

Strong Situation

Answer 11

a situation that restricts the expression of personality

Question 12

Strong Situations Components

Answer 12

• Highly influence behavior
• Suppress individual traits
• Most people respond in the same way
• e.g. funerals

Question 13

Weak Situation

Answer 13

a situation that allows the free expression of personality

Question 14

Weak Situations Components

Answer 14

• Minimally influence behavior
• Allows individual traits to be expressed
• People vary in how they respond
• e.g. playground

Question 15

Example of Moderately Strong Situations

Answer 15

concerts

Question 16

Fear Has Two Meanings:

Answer 16

i) Forget everything and run
ii) Face everything and rise

Question 17

Depression is

Answer 17

anger turned inward

Question 18

Psychopath is

Answer 18

anger turned outward

Question 19

Basic Tendencies Are

Answer 19

dispositional traits determined largely by biological processes

Question 20

Characteristic Adaptations Are

Answer 20

adjustments to situational demands

Question 21

Interactionism

Answer 21

the theory that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying dispositions

Question 22

Sometimes people are

Answer 22

themselves in a situation

Question 23

Over Years of Development

Answer 23

we change interests, attitudes, roles, jobs, relationships; we develop skills, maturity.

Question 24

It Takes Time For

Answer 24

personality to stabilize

Question 25

Traits Do

Answer 25

- change, but less and less so over time - we change less, become more consistent

Question 26

Personality Consistency is

Answer 26

lowest in childhood and highest after age 50

Question 27

Universality of Five-Factor Theory

Answer 27

- has been replicated in numerous languages - Five-Factor model is believed to be a universal human personality structure - the strength of each factor varies from culture to culture