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Personality Erasmus > personality > Flashcards

personality Flashcards

1
Q

Why are there individual differences in body temperatures and endocrine rates?

A

Because there are differences in body temperatures and endocrine rates, which are related to circadium rhthyms

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2
Q

Describe the triune brain:

A

One mind, three brains: Mclean 1967
Frontal cortex: language of thought and expression. (homosapians brain)
Limbic system: emotion and feelings (mammalian brain)
Brainstem: Body, sensation and impulses (reptillian brain)

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3
Q

What signs can we see from someone with temporal lobe injuries?

A

Struggles with speaking, differences in sexuality, increase in aggressive behaviour.

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4
Q

Why are neurotransmitters important for personality?

A

Because they influence dopamine (pleasure), seretonin (depression and anxiety) norephrine - nervous system. Influences the way we behave.

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5
Q

What did extraversion correlate with?

A

It correlated with increased frontal brain activation to positve images.

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6
Q

What is cortisol linked to?

A

There is a relationship between shyness and cortisol. Makes shy children experience more stress.

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7
Q

In the theory of somatic types of kreschomer what are: the ectomorph, endopmorph and mesmomorph?

A

Ectomorph: delicate bone structure, doesnt put weight on easily
Endomorph: soft, round body, gains fat easily
Mesmomorph: athletic, gains muscle easily.

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8
Q

What is the reinforcement sensitivity theory? Gray 1972

A

It is based on two biological systems in the brain - behavioural systems in the brain - behavioural activation system (responds to cues for reward, approach behaviour) Behavioural inhibition system (BIS) - response to cues for punishment, frustration and uncertainty. Behavioural inhibition or avoidance behaviour.

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9
Q

What was george kellys personal construct theory?

A

We need to have systems to explain all our psychologlical problems: the content of the explanation is not as important as the fact that we believe in the explanation and that we use it to understand and predict our world.

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10
Q

What is a personal construct? George Kelly 1955

A

personal construct: the personal construct is something used to interpret and predict events

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11
Q

What is ideographic theory?

A

Personal construct: the personal construct is routinely used to interpret and predict events

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12
Q

What is the construction collary?

A

There are no two people with the same personal construct system: idosyneratic ways of understanding reality.

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13
Q

What is the modulation corollary

A

The variation in a persons construct system, is limited by the permeability of the constructs within the range of convinience of the varients use

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14
Q

What are the elements in George Kelly role construct reperatory test?

A

Elements - the rep test requires its clients to name 15 people in each of 15 catergories: likely to be important to that person

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15
Q

When the libido doesnt function properly, what might occur?

A

neuroticsm

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16
Q

what two influences are there on personality?

A

enviroment and genetics

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17
Q

what is a trait?

A

trait - within the person, something they carry over time. They are a persons average tendencies. Stable over time

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18
Q

what are the three psychological inputs on psychological mechanisms

A

Inputs - decision rules - outputs

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19
Q

what is intrapsychic enviroment

A

Private experiences (memories and dreams, desires, fantasies) which interact with our experiences and how we feel about ourselves

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20
Q

at the end of the 30’s, who were some influencers who influenced psychology with their books?

A

Allport - Lewing - Murray

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21
Q

what is the big five model?

A

Openess, concienstioness, Agreeableness, Neuroticsm and Extroversion

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22
Q

3 basic research designs in personality?

A

Clinical, experimental and correlational

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23
Q

What is social identity?

A

The way you present yourself to others

24
Q

What is the self discrepency theory (1987)

A

Who you want to be (the ideal self)
the ought self - what do others want me to be
The actual self - how do I percieve myself

25
Q

The difference between the cognitive and behavioural self

A

Cognitive self: the self as an information process

Behavioural self: the self as a social presentation

26
Q

What is multiple personality disorder?

A

The presence of one or more states of identity or personality, that control the behaviour of the individual

27
Q

What does the DSM5 stand for?

A

The diagnostical and statistical manual of mental disorders 2013

28
Q

When do traits become a personality disorder?

A

When they are inflexible and maladaptive

29
Q

Do people with personality disorders only have one trait?

A

No, they usually have many traits

30
Q

What is DS IV: multi axical recording system: Axis IV and Axis II

A

IV = assess the level of psychosocial and enviromental stress the person is experiencing
II - developmental and personality disorders (antisocial, autism, narcism etc)

31
Q

What is the definition of disorder?

A

Disorder: a pattern of behaviour or experience that is distressing and painful to the person and leads to the impairment in important life events

32
Q

What is cluster A in the DSM IV personality disorders

A

Cluster A: strange, odd, eccentric

33
Q

why is diagnosing a clinical disorder difficult?

A

because when it has begun at the onset of adulthood it can be especially difficult. Between social phobia and avoidant personality disorder there isnt a clear boundry

34
Q

some characteristics of antisocial personality disorder

A

Disregard for others, impulsitivity, aggressive, irresponsible.

35
Q

characteristics of shizoid

A

Choose solitary jobs, pleasureless life, socially clumsy, passive in the face of unpleasant events

36
Q

what is personality?

A

personality is a hypothetical construction, inferred from the observation of behaviour that help us understand behaviour.

37
Q

what is the oxford dictionary definition of personality?

A

the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individuals distinctive character.

38
Q

when might neurosis occur?

A

when the libido doesn’t develop correctly

39
Q

what are traits?

A

traits are average tendencies, they are stable over time, for example, even though they may have moments where they don’t display these traits, the traits are generally consistent.

40
Q

what are psychological mechanisms, three essential ingredients?

A

Inputs, decision rules, outputs

41
Q

how does the environment shape our behaviour?

A

In an adaptive way e.g. physical, social and intrapsychic

42
Q

how does personality modulate our environment?

A

personality, modulates the decisions we take, how we choose situations to enter and how we interpret reality

43
Q

how does our intrapsychic environment influence us?

A

private experiences (memories, dreams, desires, fantasies) interact with our experiences and how we feel about ourselves

44
Q

what three areas of environment, influences personality?

A

physical environment, social environment and intraphysical environment.

45
Q

what factors does the biopsychosocial model say influences personality?

A 
biological factors (genetics, neurological factors)
psychological factors (private experience)
social factors (social environment)
46
Q

what did Bandura emphasise?

A

emphasises the active nature of human behaviour: people have intentions and forethought, can anticipate future events and evaluate and monitor their behaviours and progress

47
Q

What is the cognitive social learning approach?

A

the cognitive and social processes where people learn to value and strive for certain goals over others

48
Q

What is vicarious reinforcement?

A

We learn through observing the consequences of other’s behavior.

49
Q

What is modelling?

A

Observe the behavior of others and repeat the behavior

50
Q

Self reinforcement

A

Rewards or punishments given to oneself for reaching, exceeding or falling of personal expectations

51
Q

what are attributions?

A

An attribution usually refers to the causal explanation one makes for an event
• Attribution style, or explanatory style, refers to individual differences in the ways that people explain causality

52
Q

Global - Specific factors

A

(I ́m not clever enough vs. I’m not good at writing)

53
Q

Unstable–stable factors

A

(your dog ate the good version, and it hopefully would not happen again, vs. you are not a good writer, which is a more permanent condition)

54
Q

INTERACTIONIST MODEL

A

Certain people are more happy/unhappy because they create and choose events that promote the positive/negative emotions

55
Q

what is a schema?

A

a way of processing incoming information, a way of organizing and interpreting the facts of daily life.

56
Q

what is selective abstraction?

A

We focus on the negative aspects of situations, forgetting the positive aspects, and define the experience based on these negative details.

57
Q

what are control fallacies?

A

They make you responsible for the whole universe or take responsibility for everything except yourself.

Personality Erasmus (1 decks)

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