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PSYC106 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is Personality

A

Thoughts, Feelings, Behaviour.

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2
Q

How do we study personality?

A

self-report, Other report, Biological, Behaviour, choices.

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3
Q

What is the Trait Approach?

A

identify fairly stable psychological and behavioural tendencies that differ between people.

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4
Q

What is the State Approach?

A

Identify temporary psychological and behavioural tendencies that differ between people.

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5
Q

True or false. Temporary states often relate to permanent traits

A

True.

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6
Q

What is the Type Approach?

A

Identify categories of people that differ in psychological and behavioural tendencies

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7
Q

What is one limitation to the Type Approach?

A

It can exaggerate small differences

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8
Q

What does the Bell Curve represent?

A

Most people are somewhere close to average

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9
Q

What are the big 5 personality traits?

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

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10
Q

How do we judge personality?

A

Self-enhancement, “invisible” information, Environmental cues

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11
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

A consistent trait that usually causes distress to the self or others. Usually extreme values of a trait.

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12
Q

What do personality psychologists want to understand?

A

Thoughts, Feelings, Behaviour

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13
Q

What is the self-enhancement bias?

A

Motivated to feel good about the self, Protects self-esteem, inflates personality scores on desirable traits.

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14
Q

What is Other-enhancement bias?

A

Protects esteem of others, Others reflect on the self, Inflates personality scores and judgments of close others

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15
Q

What is the Dunning-Kruger effect?

A

Those who can’t don’t know they can’t, everyone thinking they’re a bit above average. If you don’t know how to do something, you will tend to be unable to judge yourself correctly when doing a task.

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16
Q

What are two ways people could respond to the experimenter’s demand?

A

Psychological reactants (doing exactly the opposite)

Social desirability (the need to look good in front of others)

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17
Q

What are the weird participants?

A

People that are not usually studied

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18
Q

What is construct invalidity?

A

Are you measuring what you say you’re measuring?

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19
Q

What is Face validity?

A

Example: Do you trust Jacinda

-Seems superficially reasonable but might actually measure political attitudes instead of trust

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20
Q

What are examples are low reliability

A

questions don’t relate, questions don’t give the same answer over time

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21
Q

What are some replication issues?

A

Many Psychology studies don’t replicate, P hacking, Bad incentives, significant results more publishable than null results.

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22
Q

What are some ways to fix replication?

A

Pre-registration, Larger samples, Must change incentives.

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23
Q

What is the self?

A

Self-Knowledge, Interpersonal self, Agent self/Self-Control

24
Q

What is self-perception?

A

People observe their own behavior to infer what they are thinking and how they are feeling

25
Q

What is ‘the looking glass self’?

A

People learn about themselves from other people

26
Q

What is ‘the self-enhancement motive’?

A

People think they are better than average to protect self-esteem

27
Q

What is ‘the interpersonal self’?

A

The part of ourselves that interact with other people

28
Q

What is ‘free will’?

A

Self’s control of actions & decision-making

29
Q

What is self-regulation?

A

Regulating ourselves to complete goals

30
Q

What is ‘Trait Self control’?

A

Avoiding bad situations

31
Q

What are examples of ‘Impulse control’

A

Good relationships, Success, Better mental health, Less addictive behaviour.

32
Q

How do people think in social situations?

A

Heuristics and Biases, Priming, Embodied Cognition.

33
Q

What is an example of an Inconsistent Time Preference?

A

Present bais:
“I will save tomorrow”

Problem: It’s always tomorrow!

34
Q

What is the paradox of choice?

A

The idea is that the number of choices matter.

35
Q

What is Framing?

A

People choose differently depending on how information is presented

36
Q

What is Automaticity (Type 1 thought)?

A

Fast, intuitive, Subliminal

37
Q

What is Control (Type 2 thought)?

A

Slow, “Rational”, Consciously Accessible, Effortful

38
Q

What is the anchoring effect?

A

Depending on the anchor we orovide, your decision might change

39
Q

What is conformation bias?

A

The idea is that we are looking for information that confirm what we already know to be true

40
Q

What is Priming?

A

The idea that things in our environement can have subtle effects on our behaviour

41
Q

What is embodied social cognition?

A

Body movements correspond with thought content

42
Q

What is social cognition

A

Thoughts influenced by the situation.

43
Q

What does cultural animal mean?

A

People survive and thrive via culture

44
Q

What is a ‘collectivist’ in cultural psychology?

A

Self’s connection with others, Emphasize on helping others, Team player

45
Q

What is an ‘individualistic’ in cultural psychology?

A

Self’s being different from others, Emphasize on individualism, stand out, Excel above the group.

46
Q

What is a tight culture?

A

Rigid adherence to rules and norms.

47
Q

What is a loose culture?

A

Flexible with rules and norms.

48
Q

What is a socio-culture theory?

A

Cultural learning determines how people, think, feel, behave.

People learn from cultural role models.

49
Q

What do socio-cultural theories predict?

A

Differences between cultures

50
Q

What do evolutionary theories predict?

A

Similarities between cultures.

51
Q

True or False. Traits that help survival and reproduction tend to be passed on.

A

True

52
Q

What is the evolution of morality?

A

Morality is for cooperation. More likeable if you cooperate, and more likely to attract males.

53
Q

People will only cooperate if….

A

Fair outcomes, cheaters punished, cooperators rewarded.

54
Q

Trolley problem: Don’t push the fat man and let the 5 people die is an example of?

A

Deontological reasoning (don’t murder)

55
Q

What was Zimbardo’s conclusion to the standard prison experiment?

A

Power structure breeds abuse, Powerful situation can cause anti social behaviour

56
Q

What were some of the problems with the Stanford Prison experiment?

A

Ethics, sample not representative, Zimbardo played active role in study.

PSYC106 (6 decks)

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