Personality and mental health

Question 1

_____ are extreme and inflexible variants of personality traits that may lead to significant impairments

Answer 1

personality disorders

Question 2

what 6 criterions does someone need to fit to be diagnosed with PD?

Answer 2

A. problems in most aspects of life
B. being inflexible in behavioural terms
C. major life problems
D. experiencing PD since adolescence
E. The beh isn’t due to other mental or;
F. Physical reasons

Question 3

People with personality disorders are ususall high in ___ and low in ____

Answer 3

N and A

Question 4

what kind of kids are more prone to PD?

Answer 4

kids with PD in family are more prone (nature)
also parenting styles impact PD and make u more prone if u have cold and unsupportive parents (nurture)

Question 5

What does cluster A of PD contain?

Answer 5

1. schizotypal
2. Paranoid
3. schizoid

Question 6

Cluster B of PD contains?

Answer 6

1.borderline
2. antisocial
3. histrionic
4. narcissitic

Question 7

Cluster C……

Answer 7

Avoidant
dependant
obsessive-compulsive

Question 8

What is the Borderline PD of cluster B ?

Answer 8

• very turbulent uncertain reln with others
• unstable emotions
• fluctuating self esteem
• non-suicidal injury and abusing drugs or alcohol to fill a void
• perceive affective stimuli less intensely than control groups or avg person
• low in A and C
• high in N
• thinks about suicide
• low anxiety threshold
• diff in regulating emotions
• binges on food, sex or drugs
• ## lacks stability in mood and reln

Question 9

What is the Schizoid personality d from cluster A?

Answer 9

• detachment to form any close reln with family, friends or romantic partner
• lacks motivation in general
• lacks pleasure in any activity
• low in E and no gains from it or socialising
• higher facet of anger and hostility
• solitary activities
• low in A and C
• no hobbies or interests

Question 10

what is the dependent personality dis?

Answer 10

• cluster c
• the need to be cared for or dependency on other individuals
• high A
• high anxiety
  -avoid conflict at all costs
• fear of being abandoned
• dependent on other for everyday imp decisions
• 1% ppl have it
• overall profile - very timid, passive and submissive due to the fear of being left alone and inadeqaucy
• need relationships to fill the need of being cared for

Question 11

____ captures the more negative and extreme version of the big 5

Answer 11

PID5

Question 12

What are the traits measured by PID5?

Answer 12

1. Negative affectivity - high in N
   - mood fluctiates very quickly
   - measures separation insecurity
2. Detachment - extreme introversion
   - cluster A disorders
   - no interest in life - anhedonia
   - no interest in forming relationships
3. psychoticism - high in N and extreme openness to Exp
   diff from psychopathy
   - disturbed perceptual exp
   - life feels unreal
   - eccentricity - thoughts make sense to me but people think I’m strange
4. Disinhibition - low C
   - irresponsible
   - impulsive
   - distractibility
5. Antagonism - extremely low A
   - manipulative
   -deceptive
   - grandiose

Question 13

_____ are dis characterized by significant mood problems and emotional problems

Answer 13

mood disorders

Question 14

Describe MDD

Answer 14

• another mental disorder
• it is diagnosed when a person has major depressive episodes or loss of pleasure in life that last longer at least 2 weeks
• such people are high in N and low in A and C
• extraversion acts as a protective factor against it
• strong correlation with N as anxiety and depression are closely linked

Question 15

what is bipolar disorder?

Answer 15

Mood disorder featuring manic episdies followed by depressive episodes

• manic ep: elevated and expansive mood
• high N but small
• high E
• 2 poles of BPD are N and E
• ## mania is also related to O

Question 16

anxiety disorders are a ______ involving excessive A and people with this are high on ____ and low on ___ and ___

Answer 16

cluster of mental disorders
- N
- E and C

Question 17

_____ is characterized by high levels of A over a period of 6 months or more

Answer 17

GAD

Question 18

_____ is a mood disorder involving short intense bursts involving panic attacks

Answer 18

panic dis

Question 19

what is a panic atatck

Answer 19

short intense bursts of intense fear and anxiety
- Panic attacks are often accompanied
by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, sweating, chest pain, a fear of
going crazy or dying, and chills, numbness, or hot flashes

Question 20

_____ is an intense fear of social situations and, esp for situations that involving being or performing with strangers

Answer 20

social phobia

Question 21

______ involves problems with intoxicating substances such as drugs and alcohol.

what are the big 5 prevalent in such disorders

Answer 21

substance related disorders
- high in N
- low in A and C and E

Question 22

Gambling disorder is ______

Answer 22

gambling to an extent that it causes problems in lives
- similar to substance related dis
- High on N
- low on C

Question 23

What are some strategies to overcome mental disorders?

Answer 23

1. drug therapy
   - SSRI: help reduce N and increase E
2. Psychotherapy
   - CBT
   - DBT for BPD : emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance and mindfulness
3. Increase social confidence
4. Increase happiness
5. Increase agreeablness and kindness
   - increasing emotional competence
   - counting acts of kindness
   - meditation that helps feel compassion for others - META meditation or loving kindness meditation
6. Increasing self-control
   - meditation: helps regain self control when one is mentally depleted
   - mindfulness meditation: helps to be satisfied in relationships

Question 24

what big 5 is the best predictor of longevity ?

Answer 24

Conscientiousness - teaches us willpower and ability to override impulses
- have self control

Question 25

What are some steps to increase C?

Answer 25

1. Start small 2. Avoid trying too much at once 3. Plan and setup routines

Question 26

What is the relationship b/w N and physical health

Answer 26

- poor health and N are correlated - folks experience more physical symptoms likely due to constant worrying about it - age faster - substance abuse to cope - higher risk of depression - Type D personality -

Question 27

_____ is the persoanlity that avoids social interactions due to fear of disapproval and has high N

Answer 27

type d

Question 28

what is type B personality?

Answer 28

Personality type that is laid back and less scheduled - Linked to higher agreeableness and lower conscientiousness

Question 29

what is type a personality

Answer 29

- high in C - high whote blood cells die to constant state of anger and hostility - inflammation - Personality type that is hardworking, scheduled, and impatien

Question 30

how to manage anger/hostility

Answer 30

1. stop 2. think 3. acknowledge 4. express

Question 31

High E and health

Answer 31

- sensation seeking; reckless driving and accidents become common therefore - high impusivity - Type T

Question 32

What is the relationship b/w A and health

Answer 32

- more A people tend to garner more social support due to positive social opinion about the person thus they get more practical and emotional support - this may contribute to longer and satisfied lives - indirect finding tho

Question 33

what are the 2 types of explanatory styles

Answer 33

1. pessimistic 2. optimistic

Question 34

How could we inculcate a more optimistic approach?

Answer 34

optimism training 1. writw it out 2. practice - say out lud th optimistic explanations 3. repeat - replace the pessimistic exp with optimistic ones