personality assessment Flashcards
what are the 5 traits present in some degree amongst all humans?
(According to the Five Factor Model 1999)
OCEAN:
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
what can be regarded as the unofficial “sixth trait”
honesty-humility
what is openness?
- openness to experience
- willingness to try new things
- explorers/curious
Not being open;
- feeling secure
- sticking to what they know (evolutionary benefits as exposing to less danger)
what is Conscientiousness?
-pend more attention to detail
-organised daily activities
(extreme end high scorers): OCD
people who score low - let things happen without planning and some extreme ones can be really impulsive. However, a positive is that you do not overly worry about things
what is Extraversion?
- extroverts more likely to respond positively to stimuli in outside world
- feel comfy around lots of people
- tend to be more positive
- introverts prefer to eliminate outside stimuli and focus on what is going on in their mind
- feel drained after talking to people-may be more negative
what is Agreeableness?
- more willing to take action to agree with others (more cooperative)
- more patient with others
- let go of angry feelings quickly, even if they do not get what they want
-other end means you are competitive
what is neuroticism
also know as emotionality
- to feel negative on a regular basis
- high scorers may feel anxiety, depression, aggression and this has large impact on the way they interact with others
- but makes it faster to recognise threats
- have higher highs and lower lows
- however if you are constantly activating threat response (high heartbeat sweating panicking bad for health)
- the low end means you are less negative about things
- allows you to appreciate things better
what is the 6th unofficial trait?
Honesty-humility
- high scorers are honest and humble
- low scorers are psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian
what is the 6th unofficial trait?
Honesty-humility
- high scorers are honest and humble
- low scores: narcissistic, psychopathic, Machiavellian
what decides whether personality traits are good or bad?
- social norms (constructed by society)
- other around us (ideals of friends and family)
What is personality?
Traits that are stable across time and situations.
BUT
-psychology has shown that sometimes the situation you find yourself in is the better determinant of what you would do (fundamental attribution error)
what is actor reverse bias?
Eg Milgram experiment
-where people overestimate role of a situation and underemphasise personality
How much of the variance in 5 dimensions of personality is inherited?
50% (but can be larger)
-but environment also plays a large role
Why do humans preserve personality traits (in evolutionary terms)
- we are attracted to those who are similar to ourselves
- so traits group together
What are the outcomes that certain personality types could predict?
INDIVIDUAL outcomes
-manifested by an individual outside a social context (physical health)
INTERPERSONAL outcomes -involve other individuals (forming and maintaining relationships)
SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL
-Societal-level processes involving interactions with more generalised others (eg. Work satisfaction/performance)
