Personality Disorders Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are personality disorders?
- Axis II on DSM-IV scale
- Pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviate from cultural expectations; are pervasive and inflexible, cause distress or impairment
- Not due to another disorder, or drugs
What are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?
A: odd or eccentric disorders
B: dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders
C: anxious or fearful disorders
What Personality Disorders are in Cluster A?
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
What Personality Disorders are in Cluster B?
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
What Personality Disorders are in Cluster C?
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive
Is co-occurence of personality disorders common?
Yes, it can occur within or across clusters
What is Paranoid PD (personality disorder)
- Mistrust of others, irrational suspicions
- Preoccupied with doubts; reluctant to confide; misinterprets innocent remarks; holds grudges against others
What is Schizoid PD
- Detachment from interpersonal relationships; emotional coldness; indifference to praise/criticism of others
- Has few friends
What is Schizotypal PD?
- Distortions in thinking, feelings and perceptions
- Discomfort in social situations; suspicions and paranoia
What is Antisocial PD?
- Lack of empathy and remorse; disregard for others
- Failure to conform to norms/laws; impulsive, irresponsible, disregard for safety
What is Histrionic PD?
- Excessive need for approval, need to be centre of attention
- Shallow/over-dramatic emotions, sees relationship as more intimate than they are
What is Narcissistic PD?
- Inflated self-importance; seeks attention and admiration from others
- Fantasies of success; arrogance; envy of others; low in empathy
What is Borderline PD?
- Unstable personal relationships; frantic attempts to avoid abandonment; lack of identity; instability of feelings
- Frequent suicidal, self-harming behaviours; impulsivity
What is Avoidant PD
- Social inhibition
- Low self-worth, fear of rejection; feel socially inept
What is Dependent PD?
- Persistent psychological dependence on others; has difficulty doing things alone
- Tends to agree w others; seeks out new relationships
What is Obsessive-compulsive PD?
- Preoccupation with orderliness, moral codes, caution; devoted to work; inflexible
- Different from OCD
Is there a correlation between personality and disorders? (Saulsman & Page, 2004)
Yes, but not a great magnitude
What did Widiger et al (1994) find in terms of paranoid PD and the Big 5?
- Neuroticism relative to paranoid PD
- Impulsiveness more moderate
What facets from the Big 5 are associated with Obsessive-compulsive PD?
Conscientiousness
- High competence
- High order
- High dutifulness
- High achievement-striving
- High deliberation
What facets from the Big 5 are associated with Dependent PD?
Neuroticism
- High anxiety
- High self-consciousness
- High vulnerability
Agreeableness
- High altruism
- High compliance
- High modesty
What facets from the Big 5 are associated with Avoidant PD?
Extraversion
- Low gregariousness
- Low assertiveness
Neuroticism
- High anxiety
- High self-consciousness
- High vulnerability
What facets of the Big 5 are associated with Schizoid PD?
Extraversion
- Low warmth
- Low gregariousness
- Low positive emotionality
What study did McCrae et al (2001) carry out to test whether profiles can help diagnoses PDs?
- 1926 patients from psychiatric hospitals
- Personality disorder interview + questionnaire
- NEO PI-R
- Calculated profile agreement scores for each patient
- Sig correlations but only modest to moderate
What are 3 limitations of the DSM-IV PD classifications?
- Extensive co-morbidity
- Low inter-assessor reliability
- Not based on empirical personality models
