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Clin Med III - Psych, Genetics > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Define general personality disorder

A
  • Enduring pattern of inner experience/behavior that deviates from cultural expectations (2 or more of cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control)
  • Stable over time
  • Leads to distress or impairment
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2
Q

Which personality disorders are MC in males?

A

Antisocial
Paranoid
Schizoid

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3
Q

Which personality disorders are MC in females?

A

Borderline
Histrionic
Dependent

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4
Q

How to differentiate personality traits from disorder?

A

Traits are flexible, adaptive, and do not cause functional, impairment/distress

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5
Q

How are Cluster A PDs characterized?

A

Odd or eccentric behavior

Cognitive distortions

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6
Q

How are Cluster B PDs characterized?

A

Overly emotional

Dramatic and unpredictable

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7
Q

How are Cluster C PDs characterized?

A

Anxious or fearful behavior

Avoids confrontation, withdrawn

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8
Q

Which types are Cluster A PDs?

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

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9
Q

Which types of personality disorders tend to become less evident with age?

A

Antisocial

Borderline

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10
Q

Which types of personality disorders tend to become more evident with age?

A

Obsessive compulsive

Schizotypal

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11
Q

How can someone be diagnosed with a personality disorder under the age of 18?

A

If features have been present for at least 1 year (EXCEPT antisocial PD)

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12
Q

Which PD cannot be diagnosed under the age of 18?

A

Antisocial

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13
Q

Describe paranoid PD

A
  • Cluster A
  • Distrust and suspicion of others
  • Males MC
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14
Q

Clinical presentation of paranoid PD

A
  • Difficult to get along with
  • Problem w/close relationships
  • Combative and suspicious
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15
Q

What factors increase the risk of paranoid PD?

A

Fam hx of schizophrenia, delusional disorder

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16
Q

How does childhood/adolescent paranoid PD present?

A

Poor peer relationships
Social anxiety
Underachievement in school
Tend to be teased

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17
Q

Describe schizoid PD

A
  • Cluster A
  • Detachment from social relationships
  • Restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
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18
Q

How do schizoid PD patients present?

A
  • Socially isolated “loners”
  • Lack intimacy
  • Prefer mechanical/abstract tasks (computer games)
  • Indifferent to approval/criticism
  • Show little emotion
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19
Q

Who is MC affected by schizoid PD?

A
  • Males

- Fam hx of schizophrenia or schizotypal PD

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20
Q

Describe schizotypal PD

A
  • Cluster A
  • Reduced capacity for close relationships
  • Cognitive distortions
  • Eccentricities of behavior
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21
Q

How do schizotypal PD patients present?

A
  • Interpret things incorrectly with unusual meaning
  • Superstitious or preoccupied w/paranormal phenomena
  • Unusual mannerisms, unkempt dress
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22
Q

Who is MC affected by schizotypal PD?

A
  • Males

- Fam hx of schizophrenia in 1st degree relative

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23
Q

Over 50% of schizotypal PD cases have:

Study These Flashcards
A

History of at least 1 major depressive episode

24
Q

Which types of PD are Cluster B?

Study These Flashcards
A

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

25
Describe antisocial PD
- Cluster B - Disregard for and violation of the rights of others - Demonstrates at least 3 listed symptoms since 15 yo (conduct disorder) - Must be 18 yo to diagnose
26
What is antisocial PD also known as?
"Psychopath" or "sociopath"
27
Clinical presentation of antisocial PD
- Failure to conform to social norms - Deceitful, reckless disregard - Serious violations of rules - Lack empathy - Superficial charm
28
Which patients are more likely than the general population to die at a young age d/t violence?
Antisocial PD patients
29
What conditions are commonly associated with antisocial PD?
- Depression, anxiety - Substance abuse - Gambling disorder
30
Who is MC affected by antisocial PD?
- Males - Family hx and low socioeconomic status - Highest prevalence in males with ETOH disorder and from substance abuse clinics or prisons
31
Describe borderline PD
- Cluster B | - Marked impulsivity in 5 or more contexts
32
Clinical presentation of borderline PD
- Avoid abandonment, rejection - Unstable and intense relationships - Sudden and dramatic shifts in self-image, moods
33
Who is MC affected by borderline PD?
- Females (75%) - Hx of childhood sexual, physical and/or emotional abuse - 5x MC among 1st degree relatives
34
What conditions occur MC in families with borderline PD?
Bipolar and MDD
35
Describe histrionic PD
- Cluster B | - Excessive emotionality and attention seeking in 5 or more contexts
36
How do histrionic PD patients present?
- Want to be life of the party and if they aren't, they do something dramatic - Wants to impress others - Fish for compliments
37
Describe narcissistic PD
- Cluster B | - Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy in 5 or more contexts
38
Clinical presentation of narcissistic PD
- Grandiose, need for admiration - Lack of empathy - Sense of entitlement - Very sensitive to criticism
39
What are Cluster C PDs?
- Avoidant - Dependent - Obsessive Compulsive
40
Describe avoidant PD
- Cluster C | - Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to criticism
41
Clinical presentation of avoidant PD
- Often decline job promotions (fear) - Avoid making new friends unless certain they would be liked - Interpersonal intimacy is difficult - Low self esteem
42
Who is MC affected by avoidant PD?
- Males = females | - Starts in infancy or childhood, but cautious diagnosis that young
43
Describe dependent PD
- Cluster C | - Excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation
44
Clinical presentation of dependent PD
- Believe they can't function on their own - Passive, lack self-confidence - Feel helpless when left alone - Pessimistic
45
What condition does dependent PD often co-occur with?
Cluster B PD
46
Who is MC affected by dependent PD?
Females
47
Describe obsessive compulsive PD
- Cluster C | - Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, control
48
Clinical presentation of obsessive compulsive PD
- Increased need for sense of control - Prone to repetition, attention to detail, checking for mistakes - Oblivious to others who get annoyed with their behavior - Reject help, do not break rules
49
Why is PD difficult to treat?
Patients don't even realize they have a problem/condition
50
Treatment of Cluster A PD
- Psychotherapy (individual or group) | - Group/family therapy
51
Treatment of Cluster B PD
- Psychotherapy (individual/CBT) - Community programs (esp antisocial, decreases criminal behavior) - Psychopharm for borderline (Li, CBZ, VA, atypical antipsychotics, SSRIs)
52
What helps to decrease criminal behavior in antisocial PD patients?
Community programs
53
Which Cluster B PD can be treated with psychopharm?
Borderline PD - Li, CBZ, VA, atypical antipsychotics, SSRIs
54
Treatment of avoidant PD
- SSRIs, MAOIs, Buspirone, B blockers (social phobias) | - Psychotherapy
55
Treatment of dependent PD
- SSRIs and TCAs (help for anxiety, fatigue, malaise) | - Psychotherapy
56
Treatment of obsessive compulsive PD
- Psychopharm not shown to be effective (but SSRIs or clomipramine may help decrease ritualizing) - Psychotherapy

Clin Med III - Psych, Genetics (9 decks)

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