Personality Disorders Flashcards
(36 cards)
what is personality
cluster of predictable patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space and context
what makes up the structure of personality
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Neuroticism Agreeableness
(OCEAN)
what is a personality disorder
a pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from expectations of the individuals culture
pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning
what areas do personality disorder patterns of experience manifest in
Cognition
Affectivity
Interpersonal functioning
Impulse control
criteria for the pattern of behaviour seen in personality disorders
Stable and long duration
Not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental health disorder
is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
what is anakaastic/OCPD personality disorder
Excessive feelings of doubt and caution
Preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organisation
Perfectionism that interferes with task completion
Excessive conscientiousness and scrupulousness
Undue preoccupation with productivity to the exclusion of pleasure and relationships
Excessive pedantry and a adherence to social conventions
rigidity and stubbornness
unreasonable insistence that others submit to exactly their way of doing things
what makes it a personality disorder not a personality trait
It is a disorder if it is pervasive (not just in specific situations) and causes distress or impairment of functioning in most areas
How do you measure personality
Clinical assessment - multiple over time
Rating scales
- ZAN-BPD
- personality assessment schedule
- personality disorders questionnaire
- minnesota multi
what causes a personality disorder
genes
individual factors
environment
what percentage of the general population have a personality disorder
10.6%
1 in 10
what PDs are classified as cluster A in ICD-10
‘odd and eccentric’
Paranoid PD
Schizoid PD
What PDs are classified as cluster B in ICD-10
'dramatic and emotional' Antisocial Emotionally unstable Borderline Histrionic
what ODs are classified as cluster C in ICD-10
‘anxious and avoidant’
Anxious
Dependent
Anakastic (OCPD)
What is paranoid personality disorder
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others so their motives are interpreted as malevolent
what criteria must patients meet 4 of to have paranoid personality disorder
- Suspects other are exploiting, harming or deceiving them
- Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends/associates
- reluctant to confide in other for fear info will be used against them
- reads hidden demeaning or threatening messages into benign remarks or events
- persistently bears grudges
- perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others - quick to react angrily or to counter attack
- has recurrent suspicions without justification regarding cheating partners
what is schizoid PD
pattern of detachment from social relationships with restricted range of emotions in interpersonal settings
what criteria must patients have 4 or more of to have schizoid PD
- Neither desires no enjoys close relationships - including being in a family
- almost always chooses solitary activities
- little if any interest in having sexual experiences with another person
- takes pleasure in few if any activities
- lacks close friends/confidants
- appears indifferent to praise or criticism of others
- shows emotional coldness, detachment or flattened affect
What is Antisocial PD
Pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Occuring since 15 y/o
what criteria must a patient have 3 of to have antisocial personality disorder
- failure to conform to social norms with lawful behaviours eg. repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest
- deceitfulness indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases or conning others for profit or pleasure
- impulsivity/failure to plan
- irritability and aggressiveness
- reckless disregard for safety of self or others
- consistent irresponsibility eg. repeated failure to sustain consistent work/meet financial obligations
- lack of remorse
what is borderline personality disorder (emotionally unstable)
pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image and affects
marked impulsivity beginning in early adulthood
what criteria do you need to meet 5 or more of to be diagnosed with BPD
- frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships alternating between extremes of idealisation and devaluation
- identity disturbance, persistently unstable self image/sense of self
- impulsivity which is self damaging
- recurrent suicidal behaviour, gestures or threats or self mutilating behaviour
- Marked reactivity of mood
- chronic feelings of emptiness
- inappropriate intense anger
- transient, stress related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
what is histrionic personality disorder
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
what criteria do you need 5 or more of to have histrionic PD
- uncomfortable in situations where they aren’t the centre of attention
- interaction with others inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviour
- rapidly shifting and shallow emotions
- consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
- has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking detail
- shows self dramatisation, theatrically and exaggerated expression of emotion
- is easily influences
- considers relationships to be more intimate than they are
what is avoidant personality disorder
pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
