Personality Disorders- Understanding Personality Disorders

Question 1

Early theories(Freud) viewed personality as an

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interaction between forces

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Id/Ego/Superego work together to balance

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internal vs. external influences on the person

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Trait approaches imply personality is biologically bassed, but

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acknowledged these traits are nurtured by the environment

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Hans Eysenck

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Extroversion v. introversion/Neuroticism v. Stability

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Raymon Cattell

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16 main personality traits

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Gordon Allport

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cardinal, central, and secondary traits

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Five Factor Model(FFM) was created by

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McCrae and Costa

Question 8

What is the 5 words that described personality in the Five Factor Model?

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Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeables, Conscientiousness

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Neuroticism

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Anxiety, Angry hostility, Depression, Self-Consciousness, Impulsiveness, Vulnerability

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Extraversion

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Warmth, Gregariousness, Assertiveness, Activity, Excitement seeking, Positive emotions

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Opennes

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Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings, Actions, Ideas, Values

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Agreeableness

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Trust, Straightforwardness, Altruism, Compliance, Modesty, Tender-mindedness

Question 13

Each traits in the Five Factor Model is seen as a

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dimension of functioning with “low” and high” scores representing different presentations

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Conscientiousness

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Competence, Order, Dutifulness, Achievement striving, Self-discipline, Deliberation

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Consistency in the Five Factor Model is

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across cultures

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The Five Factor Model changes in

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elevations across the lifespan

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Examples of changes in elevations

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During 18-30, drops in N,E, and O; increases in A, and C

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Identity

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Seeing oneself as a unique person with stable boundaries between themselves and others

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Identity has an

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unique history and accurate understanding of what one can accomplish

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Self-direction

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ability to have meaningful sort and long term goals consistent with one’s identity

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Self-direction has the ability to

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reflect on one’s life in a healthy manner

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Positive interpersonal relationships

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Requires empathy and intimacy

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Empathy

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Understanding how another person experiences life

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Intimacy

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Being able to engage in mutual connectedness and valuing of others

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Traits that are often considered to be

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extreme versions of "typically" occurring personality characteristics within a population

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Personality characteristics are relatively stable throughout life thought some indication of

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decrease in severity with age

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Personality disorders were once seen as

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"Untreatable" but recent research indicates they are more responsive to treatment than once thought

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Current trends in research and diagnosis are looking at

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dimensional models

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Example of dimensional models use

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using the FFM as a guide for understanding personality disorders

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The Five-Factor model of maladaptive personality styles

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Detachment, Negative affectivity, Antagonism, Disinhibition, Psychoticism

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Detachment

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withdrawal, anhedonia, intimacy avoidance

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Negative affectivity

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emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity

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Antagonism

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manipulativeness, deceitfulness, grandiosity

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Disinhibition

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irresponsibility, impulsivity, distractibility

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Psychoticism

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unusual beliefs and experiences, eccentricity, perceptual dysregulation

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Cluster A of Personality Disorders

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Is considered odd or eccentric disorder(Schizoid, Paranoid, Schizotypal)

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Cluster B of Personality Disorders

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Is considered the dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders(Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic)

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Cluster C of Personality Disorders

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Is considered the anxious or fearful disorder ( Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive)

Question 39

Having a personality disorders puts you at

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significant risk for development of another disorders

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What level of comorbidity in personality disorders?

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High rates

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Presence of other psychological disorders complicates

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symptom presentation and makes treatment difficult

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What is the best approach to assessing an individual pattern of personality traits?

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A clincal interview

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Personality Inventory for the DSM-5(PID-5)

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Set of questions based off the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders

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Personality Assessment Inventory

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Provides information on maladaptive traits (e.g., dominance, aggression) and direct clinical assessment of Borderline and Antisocial PD

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Minnesota Multiphastic Personality Inventory (MMPI-3)

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Includes several distinct personality characteristics that align with pathological personality (e.g., cynicism, shyness, dominance, antisocial behavior

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Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-IV)

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Includes most major personality disorders as well as several others that are not recognized by the DSM-5 (e.g., Melanholic, Turbulent, Sadistic, Masochistic