Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ap Psych > Personality, Intelligence, Testing > Flashcards

Personality, Intelligence, Testing Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Personality

A

The set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of a person and consistent over time and in different situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Free association

A

The practice of allowing the patient to discuss thoughts, dreams, memories, or words, regardless of coherency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Conscious

A

The individual awareness of your unique thoughts, memories, feelings, sensations, and environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Preconscious

A

Latent parts of the brain that are readily available to the conscious mind, available not currently in use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unconscious

A

A reservoir mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Id

A

Wants to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drive; unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ego

A

Operates according to the reality principle, working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands, often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Superego

A

Control the id’s impulses, especially those which society forbids. Persuades the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and strive for perfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fixation

A

Lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oral stage (0-18 months)

A

Child focuses on nursing with the intrinsic pleasure of sucking and accepting things into the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anal stage (18-36 months)

A

Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phallic stage (3-6 years)

A

Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with inventions sexual feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Latency stage (6- puberty)

A

A phase of dominant sexual feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Genital stage (puberty on)

A

Maturation of sexual interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Defense mechanism

A

The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Repression

A

Banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Regression

A

Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reaction formation

A

Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites; repressing angry feelings, a person displayed exaggerated friendliness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Projection

A

Disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rationalization

A

Offering self-justification explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person; girl got upset so she kicked her dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sublimation

A

Transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives; man with aggressive urges becomes a surgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Alfred Sandler

A

Inferiority complex; we consistently strive for feelings of superiority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Karen Horney

A

Relationships greatly shape your personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Carl Jung
The unconscious contains more than our repressed thoughts and feelings; believed we have a collective unconscious
26
Reciprocal determinism
Bandura’s idea the social-cognitive perspective proposes that our personalities are shaped by the interaction of our personal traits, our environment, and our behaviors
27
Personal control
Whether we learned to see ourselves as controlling, or as controlled by our environment
28
External locus of control
When you believe the outcome is determined by factors outside of your control; luck, fate
29
Internal locus of conform
When you have high expectations of being able to exert some control
30
Self-actualization
One of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after physical and psychological needs are met; motivation to fulfill one’s potential
31
Unconditional positive regard
An attitude of total acceptance toward another person
32
Self-concept
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves
33
Real self
Who we actually are
34
Ideal self
Characteristics to which an individual aspires
35
Trait
A characteristic pattern of behavior of a disposition to feel and act
36
Gordon Alport’s cardinal traits
Basic, dominant characteristic that control the behavior of people; uncommon
37
Openness
Measures how creative, imaginative, down to earth, or pragmatic someone is
38
Conscientiousness
Measure preference for an organized approach to life in contrast to a spontaneous one
39
Extraversion
Measures tendency to seek stimulation in the external world, the company of others, and to express positive emotions
40
Agreeableness
Related to a focus on maintaining positive social relations, being friendly, compassionate, and cooperative
41
Neuroticism
Measure the tendency to experience mood swings and emotions such as guilt, anger, anxiety, and depression
42
Projective test
Attempt to assess personality by showing people vague stimuli with many possible interpretations. Relies on the examiner to interpret responses; inkblot test
43
Objective test (self-report inventory)
Paper and pencil; used to assess attitudes, characteristics, and other traits; reliable, valid, limited answer choices; myers-Briggs
44
Self
The center of personality
45
Spotlight effect
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders; spotlight shining on them
46
Self-esteem
One’s feelings of high or low self-worth
47
Self-efficacy
One’s sense of competence and effectiveness
48
Self-serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
49
Individualism
Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s own identity; marrying someone whom his parents don’t approve of
50
Collectivist
Giving priority to one’s own group and defining one’s identity accordingly; family
51
Intelligence
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems c and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
52
Factor analysis
Statistical procedure that identifies cluster of related terms (factors) on a test
53
Savant
Exceptional skill, like in computation and drawing
54
Grit
Passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
55
Emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
56
Crystallized intelligence
Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
57
Fluid intelligence
Our ability to think abstractly; decrease with age
58
Down syndrome
Condition of mild to severe intellectual disability
59
Mental age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet
60
Lewis Terman
Professor at Stanford who crated the Stanford-Binet test, modeled off of Alfred Binet’s test using William stern’s IQ formula
61
Standardization
Uniform testing comparison with the performance of a group
62
Normal curve
Symmetrical, bell-shaped curve
63
Reliability
Extent to which a test yields consistent results
64
Validity
Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it’s supposed to
65
Content validity
Extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
66
Predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; correlation between test scores and criterion behavior
67
Abstract measures
Use non-verbal measures to assess abilities
68
Verbal measures
Tests that use word problems to access abilities
69
Speed of processing
Direct measurement of how well someone can utilize their other cognitive skills by sustaining attention to maintain speed/accuracy for a period of time
70
Achievement test
A test designed to assess what a person has learned; AP Exam
71
Aptitude test
Test designed to predict a person’s future performance; test for high schoolers to see what career they would be good at
72
Generalized intelligence (g factor)
Underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence task; Spearman
73
Linguistic
Finding the right words to express what you mean
74
Logical-mathematical
Quantifying things, making hypotheses, and proving them
75
Spatial
Visualizing the world in 3D
76
Musical
Discerning sound, their pitch, tone, rhythm, and timbre
77
Bodily-kinesthetic
Coordinating your mind with your body
78
Intrapersonal
Understanding yourself, what you feel, and what you want
79
Interpersonal
Sensing people’s feelings and motives
80
Naturalist
Understanding living things and reading nature
81
Existential
Tackling the questions of why we live, and why we die
82
Analytical intelligence
Mental steps or “components” used to solve problems
83
Creative intelligence
Use of experience in ways that foster insight
84
Practical intelligence
Ability to read and adapt to the contexts of everyday life

Ap Psych (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions