Personality Pt. 2: Trait Humanistic, And Soial Cognitive Perspectives Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Personality Pt. 2: Trait Humanistic, And Soial Cognitive Perspectives Deck (72)
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1
Q

Father of trait perspective personality

A

Gardon Allport

2
Q

Trait perspective looks to describe

A

Personality in terms of fundamental traits: pattern of behavior or disposition to feel or act as assessed by self-reported inventories or peer reports

3
Q

What does trait do?

A

Describes your personality

4
Q

Method used for measuring personality for trait perspective

A

Personality inventory

5
Q

Personality inventory

A

A questionnaire that is usually true/false in which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

6
Q

Weakness of personality inventory

A

People lie- social desirability bias

7
Q

Example of personality inventory (trait perspective)

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory

8
Q

Most widely used personality test

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory

9
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory purpose

A

Identify EMOTIONAL DISORDERS but is also now used for screening purposes of employment

10
Q

Test is an example of being empirically derived test:

A

Having pool of test questions that discriminate between groups

11
Q

empirically derived test examples

A

Certain questions depressed vs normal people were likely to answer differently

12
Q

Ensenck’s 2 dimensions of personality (trait perspective)

A

Though factor analysis, Hans Ensencks identified dimensions of personality as: introverted and extroverted

13
Q

2 dimensions of personality (trait perspective): introverted and extroverted

A

Introverted: keep to yourself. Not necessary shy

Extroverted: outgoing and stable/unstable
Unstable: moody

14
Q

The big five personality traits are measured in a inventory called the

A

NEO PI-R (Trait perspective)

15
Q

NEO PI-R

A

If I see a whole bunch of letters and numbers, guess trait

16
Q

Big 5 personality traits:

A

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

17
Q

Big 5 personality traits: way to remember

A

OCEAN

18
Q

Big 5 personality traits: Openness (to experience)

A

Measures factors of intellectual curiosity within people

19
Q

Big 5 personality traits: conscientiousness

A

Measures self discipline, carefulness, need for achievement, and degree by which people think before acting

20
Q

Big 5 personality traits: extraversion

A

Measures social interaction and how assertive people are

21
Q

Big 5 personality traits: agreeableness

A

Measures how empathetic, considerate, friendly, and helpful people ar e

22
Q

Big 5 personality traits: neuroticism

A

Measures people’s tendencies to experience negative emotional states like stress and anxiety

23
Q

Raymond Cattell further expands trait perspective with his

A

16-PF test

24
Q

16-PF

A

Personality test which measures 16 primary factors that describe people’s traits

25
Q

16 primary factors include

A

Tension, warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, open to change, self reliance, perfectionism

26
Q

Who further expanded Trait perspective?

A

Raymond Cattell

27
Q

Major weakness of the trait perspective

A

Behaviors associated with our traits change depending on the situation.
Are traits stable and enduring throughout our entire life?

28
Q

Two founders of the humanistic perspective

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

29
Q

Philosopher of the humanistic perspective

A

Maslow

30
Q

Therapist of the humanistic perspective

A

Carl Rogers

31
Q

Power of free will and how people view themselves as a whole in pursuit of growth

A

Humanistic perspective

32
Q

Humanistic perspective focuses on

A

The growth potential of healthy people

33
Q

Maslow differed from Freud since he believed

A

We are all born good and we naturally move towards self-actualization unless society gets in the way

34
Q

Self actualization

A

Ultimate goal in hierarchy of needs; meet one’s potential

35
Q

Carl Rogers’ Person centered approached believed

A

All humans had potential for growth with the right environment

36
Q

Carl Rogers’: All humans had potential for growth; just need climate that has

A

Genuineness. Acceptance, empathy

37
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Attitude of total acceptance towards another person

38
Q

“I’ll love you as long as your bring me food”

A

Conditional positive regard

39
Q

Carl Rogers believed the key to self-actualization- term called

A

Fully functioning

40
Q

Carl Rogers believed the key to self actualization, a term called fully functioning, was to

A

Learn to accept ourselves and unite our ideas of the REAL SELF and IDEAL SELF

41
Q

When we lack unconditional positive regard it leads to

A

Incongruence

42
Q

Incongruence

A

Perceived difference between real and ideal self

43
Q

Self concept

A

All thoughts and feelings about ourselves: who am I?

44
Q

Related terms to understanding self concept

A

Self esteem and self-serving bias

45
Q

Self esteem

A

Feelings of self-worth

46
Q

Self-serving bias

A

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

47
Q

Humanistic version of defense mechanism

Perceive ourselves favorably

A

Self serving bias

48
Q

Individualism

A

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

49
Q

Collectivism

A

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

50
Q

Eastern vs Western with collectivism and individualism

A

East is collective, West is individualistic

51
Q

Criticism of humanist perspective

A

Maslow’s concepts are vague and might just be his own values
Too much focus on individual
Ignores human capacity for evil

52
Q

Father of social cognitive perspective

A

Albert Bandura

53
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

Emphasizes the importance of external events (society) and how we interpret them (cognition)

54
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Idea that environment influences personality AND personality influences the environment

55
Q

Reciprocal determinism: same environment can have completely different effects on different people because

A

Of how they interpret and react to external events

56
Q

Self efficiency

A

Belief that we can perform behaviors that are necessary to accomplish tasks and that we are competent.

57
Q

When we have high self efficacy we think

A

We can master situations and produce positive results and are more likely to take disks and try new things

58
Q

Self efficacy is basically

A

A thought I have about myself… changes depending on what I’m doing

59
Q

Self efficacy example

A

Can be high in one area but low in another

Ex: wisdom vs maths

60
Q

Theory of personal control and locus of control by

A

Julius Rotter

61
Q

Internal locus of control

A

Idea that one controls their own destiny

62
Q

Internal locus of control example

A

Hard work gets rewarded

63
Q

External locus of control

A

Idea that one’s fate is outside of their personal control and determined by luck

64
Q

External locus of control example

A

People get promotions because they know right people

65
Q

Which locus of control is more likely to lead to anxiety?

A

External locus of control

66
Q

Both the locus’ of control are thoughts

A

I have about myself, not reality

67
Q

External locus of control can lead to

A

Learned helplessness

68
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

69
Q

Learned helplessness example

A

Dog being uncontrollably shocked for period; will not later escape when time arrives

70
Q

Dog being uncontrollably shocked for period; will not later escape when time arrives is what type of control

A

Internal locus of control

71
Q

Most widely accepted approach by current psychologists since it takes aspects from learning and cognition

A

Social cognitive perspective

72
Q

Social cognitive perspective is criticized by some b/c

A

It fails to consider possible unconscious motives and focuses too much on environment. Not enough on inner traits