PERSPECTIVE SCIENTIFIC METHODS AND CAREERS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

What does the biological perspective in psychology emphasize?

Answer 1

The study of the body, especially the brain and nervous system.

Question 2

Which perspective focuses on observable behavior and environmental determinants?

Answer 2

The behavioral perspective.

Question 3

Who founded the psychodynamic approach in psychology?

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud.

Question 4

What is the main focus of the psychodynamic perspective?

Answer 4

Unconscious thought, conflict between biological instincts and societal demands, and early family experiences.

Question 5

What does the cognitive perspective in psychology emphasize?

Answer 5

Mental processes such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving.

Question 6

Which psychological perspective uses adaptation and survival of the fittest to explain behavior?

Answer 6

The evolutionary perspective.

Question 7

What does the sociocultural perspective emphasize?

Answer 7

The influence of social and cultural environments on behavior.

Question 8

What is a clinical or case study?

Answer 8

An in-depth study focusing on one person or a few individuals to gain rich insights.

Question 9

What is a major strength of case studies?

Answer 9

They provide a deep understanding of the individual or phenomenon studied.

Question 10

What is a major weakness of case studies?

Answer 10

Findings may not generalize to the larger population.

Question 11

What is naturalistic observation?

Answer 11

Observing behavior in its natural setting without interference.

Question 12

What is the biggest strength of naturalistic observation?

Answer 12

High ecological validity and realistic behavior.

Question 13

What is a weakness of naturalistic observation?

Answer 13

It can be difficult to control and unpredictable.

Question 14

What is a survey in psychological research?

Answer 14

A method where participants answer questions to gather data.

Question 15

What is a strength of using surveys?

Answer 15

Ability to gather data from a large and diverse sample quickly.

Question 16

What is a common weakness of surveys?

Answer 16

Participants may lie, misremember, or give socially desirable answers.

Question 17

What is archival research?

Answer 17

Using existing records to answer research questions.

Question 18

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 18

A research approach that studies the same individuals over a long period.

Question 19

What is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 19

A study that compares different groups at a single point in time.

Question 20

What is an advantage of longitudinal studies?

Answer 20

They track changes and developments over time.

Question 21

What is a disadvantage of longitudinal studies?

Answer 21

They are time-consuming and costly.

Question 22

What is an advantage of cross-sectional studies?

Answer 22

They are quicker and less expensive than longitudinal studies.

Question 23

What is a disadvantage of cross-sectional studies?

Answer 23

They do not track changes over time.

Question 24

What does a psychologist in physiological psychology study?

Answer 24

Physical processes underlying mental operations.

Question 25

What does a developmental psychologist study?

Answer 25

How people grow and change from birth to death.

Question 26

What area does cognitive psychology focus on?

Answer 26

Attention, memory, consciousness, and problem-solving.

Question 27

What does personality psychology study?

Answer 27

Enduring characteristics like traits, goals, and personality development.

Question 28

What does social psychology examine?

Answer 28

How individuals interact and influence each other socially.

Question 29

What is the focus of industrial-organizational psychology?

Answer 29

Workplace behavior and organizational systems.

Question 30

What is the focus of community psychology?

Answer 30

Accessible care for mental health issues within communities.

Question 31

What does school and educational psychology deal with?

Answer 31

Children's learning and adjustment in school environments.

Question 32

What is environmental psychology?

Answer 32

Study of how people interact with their physical surroundings.

Question 33

What is ecological validity?

Answer 33

The extent to which research findings apply to real-world settings.

Question 34

What is generalizing in research?

Answer 34

Applying findings from a sample to a broader population.

Question 35

What happens when observers are not inconspicuous in naturalistic observation?

Answer 35

Participants may change their behavior if they know they are being watched.

Question 36

What are some ways surveys can be administered?

Answer 36

Paper questionnaires, electronic forms, or verbal interviews.

Question 37

What is the main issue with self-reported data from surveys?

Answer 37

It may be biased or inaccurate.

Question 38

Which psychological perspective emphasizes neuroscience?

Answer 38

The biological perspective.

Question 39

Which perspective argues that early childhood experiences shape personality?

Answer 39

The psychodynamic perspective.

Question 40

What is a key idea behind the evolutionary perspective?

Answer 40

Behavior is influenced by adaptations for survival and reproduction.