perspectives unit 2

Question 1

classical conditioning

Answer 1

the idea that we learn by associating things in the world around us with bodily reactions

Question 2

aversion therapy

Answer 2

involves using classical conditioning to treat people with addictions
- it involves creating a learned association between addictive behaviour and a negative experience.

Question 3

operant conditoning

Answer 3

• reinforcement - used to encourage behaviour
• punishment- used to discourage a behaviour
  -positive punishment, negative punishment
  -positive reinforcement
  negative reinforcement

Question 4

positive reinforcement

Answer 4

Providing a positive reward to make a behaviour more likely to be repeated - e.g. giving them a toy, chocolate, stickers

Question 5

negative reinforcement

Answer 5

Removing something unpleasant in order to encourage a behaviour - e.g. having to do fewer chores if you eat your vegetables

Question 6

postive punishment

Answer 6

Doing something unpleasant to stop someone repeating a behaviour - being placed on the naughty step, having to write lines, etc.

Question 7

negative punishment

Answer 7

Taking away something the person likes to discourage a negative behaviour - e.g. no video games for a week

Question 8

social learning theory

Answer 8

we learn things through OBSERVING and IMITATING behaviour from ROLE MODELS

Question 9

strengths of behaviourist perspective

Answer 9

-Very useful and can have practical applications for teachers and parents
-Tends to use lab experiments which are very controlled and scientific
-Provides evidence in support of the nurture side of the debate

Question 10

weaknesses of behaviourist perspective

Answer 10

• Can be unethical especially when researching punishment
  -Ignores genetics and biology as a cause of behaviour
  -States that all behaviour is the result of environmental influences and learning - no room for free will
  -The behaviourist principles could also be used in a negative way to encourage bad behaviours