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ClinTox > Pesticides > Flashcards

Pesticides Flashcards

1
Q

Organophosphate and carbamate toxicosis is due to increase ________ signaling through the inhibition of ________.

A

Cholinergic

Acetylcholinesterase

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2
Q

How do you treat organophosphate poisoning?
How do they work?

A

GI decontam: gastic lavage + charcoal
Atropine: muscarinic receptor antagonism
and 2-PAM: regeneration of active AChE enzyme (OGs)

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3
Q

Is decontamination indicated for the treatment of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Do organochlorine pesticides bioaccumulate?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What is the duration of organochloride persistence in soils?

A

Highly persistent

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6
Q

What is the primary mechanism of DDT-type OCs (dichlorodiphenylethanes)?

A

Slowing of Na+ influx and K+ efflux

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7
Q

What is the primary mechanism of aryl hydrocarbons and cyclodienes?

A

Inhibit GABA binding to its receptor

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8
Q

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposure leading to poisoning in companion animals is most commonly due to what?

A

Inappropriate use of a product labeled for dogs on cats

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9
Q

What are treatment options for animals exhibiting symptoms from pyrethrin/pyrethroid poisoning?

A

Diazepam for refractory seizures
Bathing with mild dishwashing detergent or shampoo
Methocarbamol for cats tremoring or seizing

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10
Q

MOA for rotenone tox

A

Inhibits complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain

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11
Q

MOA for Imidacloprid tox

A

Nicotinic receptor agonist

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12
Q

MOA for Ivermectin tox

A

GABA receptor agonist

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13
Q

MOA for Amitraz tox

A

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist

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14
Q

MOA for metaldehyde tox

A

Unknown, but may involve release of 5-HT and norepinephrine in the CNS

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15
Q

MOA for DEET (diethyltoluamide) tox

A

Unknown and is thought to be pretty safe

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16
Q

MOA for fipronil tox

A

Inhibits GABA-induced ion flux

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17
Q

Tx for rotenone tox:

A

Decontamination, symptomatic and supportive care

18
Q

Tx for fipronil tox

A

Decontamination, symptomatic and supportive care

19
Q

Tx for imidacloprid tox

A

Decontamination, symptomatic and supportive care

20
Q

Tx for ivermectin tox

A

Decontamination, physostigmine, symptomatic and supportive care

21
Q

Tx for amitraz tox

A

Decontamination, yohimbe or atipamezole and other supportive care

22
Q

What in white footed herding dogs do you test for regarding sensitivity to ivermectin (and other drugs)?

A

Mutations in the ABCB1 gene

23
Q

Is atropine indicated for amitraz poisoning?

A

No, it can potentiate hypertension and ileus.

24
Q

Metaldehyde poisoning CS and Tx

A

Most common in coastal areas (high slug and snail pops)
CS: tremors, convulsions, hyperthermia
Tx: GI decontamination, muscle relaxant (methocarbomol), supportive care

25
Q

What is the active ingredient of Frontline?

A

fipronil
flea/tick

26
Q

How are fipronil and seizures related?

A

Fipronil is pro-seizure by blocking inhibitory NTs

27
Q

Most common route of organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?

A

Oral: Contaminated food/feed and grooming behavior
Dermal: ectoparasiticides (dust, dip, oil)
Inhalation: aerial spraying

28
Q

Is OP and CM tox acute or chronic?

A

Acute: onset of CS can occur within 1 hour

29
Q

Signs of OP and CM tox?

A

Increased Cholinergic Signaling
SLUDGE
Miosis
Bradycardia
Decr BP

30
Q

Can OP and CM tox be lethal?

A

Yes, death due to resp failure or cardiac arrest

31
Q

What is a common Organochloride?

A

DDT

32
Q

Methods of OC exposure?

A

Oral or topical
Highly persistent in envrionment
Bioaccumulates and biomagnifies

33
Q

What species are most sensitive to OCs?

A

Cats

34
Q

Tx for organochlorides

A

No specific antidotes
Clip hair/wash with detergent
Activated charcoal
Supportive care w/ anti-seizure (diazepam/pheno)

35
Q

Do organochlorides cross the BBB?

A

Yes- lipophilic
Causes neuro signs

36
Q

How are pyrethrins used

A

Flea/Tick repellant in DOGS
toxic to cats

37
Q

What are signs of pyrethrin tox in cats?

A

Hypersalivation
Paw shaking
Ear and skin twitching
flicking of tail
Seizures, agitation
If untreated, death in 24 hrs

38
Q

What insecticide used in crop production is suspected to contribute to the decline in bee populations?

A

Imidacloprid

39
Q

What is the antiparasitic used in Heartgard and Revolution?

A

Selamectin (semi-synthetic ivermectin)

40
Q

What is the most common use of amitraz in animals?

A

Tick collars -dogs
Tickicide dip -sheep + cattle
Not recommended for horses or cats

ClinTox (5 decks)

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