Petroleum Flashcards

Question

What actions should be taken when approaching a loading or discharge port?

Answer 1

- Check tank level gauges - Check tank level alarms - Check thermometers - Check remote system controls - Check high level alarms - Check tank overflow control alarms - Check safety of critical components of the cargo transfer system. - All hatches, lids + openings to cargo tanks which are not required to be open for a specific purpose should be closed securely - All drains should be closed and secured - All cargo and bunker lines not in use should be securely blanked and fully bolted at the manifold. - Any cargo pipeline systems not in use should be isolated - Ventilation system in pump room should be checked - Cargo deck lighting should be checked

Answer 2

- A weather forecast should be obtained - Ensure ship and shore vapour systems are compatible - A cargo data sheet should be on board - If the cargo is liable to self reaction the inhibitor certificate should be on board. - The tanks to be loaded should be inspected by an independent surveyor and a certificate obtained if necessary - Tanks passed for loading should be secured with all cargo openings secured - When not in use all sea suctions connected to the ballast and cargo systems should be secured. Where required they may be sealed by shore authorities

Answer 3

- Pre-load meeting - Survey and sampling - Line checking and manifold connection - Commence loading at agreed slow rate - Commence loading at agreed rate once checked - De- ballast in accordance with loading plan - Bulk loading and de-ballasting checks - Loading rate decreased and topping off commences - Final survey and sampling

Answer 4

The master , chief officer and terminal representative discuss: - Ship/shore safety checklist - Loading plan - Cargo distribution on arrival and departure - Quantities of cargo to be loaded - Ship/shore tanks to be loaded and discharged - Ship/shore lines to be used - Cargo transfer rate - Operating pressures and maximums - Temperatures - Venting system - Restrictions on loading - De-ballasting sequences, tank changeovers - Trim, draught, stability and stresses - Stopping times - Flow times - Emergency stop procedure - Communications - Other operations to be carried out during loading (stores, bunkering, repairs, hot work)

Answer 5

Could be basic sampling or could involve a 'chemist' and a cargo surveyor depending on the type and grade of product to be loaded. Sometimes the chief officer is taken to the shore tanks and a sample drawn in their presence. Some terminals supply sampling equipment that is fitted at the vessels manifold. Sampling and survey requires: - Closed gauging and sampling equipment - Portable equipment - Safety precautions - Earthing/bonding of sampling device and gauges - Vapour locks - Flame arresters - Restricted gauging equipment

Answer 6

- 1 ships officer to set up the lines ready for loading - Double check of the lines by another ships officer - Any overboard valves checked to ensure they're closed and secured - Lines must be set up as per the loading plan - A responsible officer must be in charge of the operation - SOPEP equipment must be available - Fire gear laid out - The correct equipment must be used to ensure connection is adequate - Ensure correct lines are matched/connected to the right manifolds - There must be adequate communication between the ship and shore personnel - The international ship/shore connection must be in place - All scuppers must be plugged - Gaskets in good condition - Manifold valves checked for correct operation - Manifold valves on opposite side to loading secured - Manifold valves on opposite side to loading secured - Manifold valves should not be opened until shore confirms readiness - Manifold valves should be the last valves to be opened - Loading should start slowly so connection can be checked for leaks - When checks complete loading rates can be increased.

Answer 7

- The inert gas system is shut down and isolated. - Inert gas pressure in cargo tanks reduced to prevent overpressurisation - If ballast tanks are to be inerted during he operation the IG plant should only be made common with the tanks to be inerted to ensure no cargo vapours can enter the ballast system through the IG line. - All tank ports should be closed. Any gas displaced vented via high velocity vents, the mast riser, or direct to shore. - Terminal and shore checks must be completed - Initial loading rate slow - When cargo is confirmed to be going to the correct tanks and there are no leaks, loading rate can be increased. - Where de-ballasting is to shore tanks, the sequence and connections must be agreed with the terminal before commencing - The cargo plan must me followed - Ballast from cargo tanks must be replaced with inert gas

Answer 8

There should be regular patrols of the deck and pump room, and regular checks over the side for pollution. Regular monitoring of: - Pumps - Ballast - Cargo levels - Pressures - Moorings - Weather conditions - Ship/shore communications

Answer 9

- Ensure that sufficient personnel are available - Ensure that the terminal is advised - Either open the next tanks to reduce the loading rate or reduce the loading rate. - In the later stages of topping off the loading rate may be reduced further, sometimes carried out by gravity - On completion each tank must be checked and monitored for leaks - The number of valves that are required to be closed during topping off should be kept to a minimum. - Where possible, the segregation requirements of the cargo should be adhered to - Do not close all the valves against the flow - The time required for stopping pumps or shutting down the system should be known. - The quantity of oil in the pipeline should be known and allowed for. - Shore control valves should be closed before the ships manifold valves are closed. - On completion, the chief officer should check that the cargo system has been completely shut down, all tank openings are closed, and the p/v valves are set correctly.

Answer 10

- Drain all lines - Shut down cargo system - Gauge and sample - Check P/V valves - Secure vessel for sea

Answer 11

- Ring main - Direct line - Free flow - Cruciform/combined

Answer 12

- Versatility: Any cargo pump can discharge any tank | - Good segregation: Permits high degree of tank separation

Answer 13

- Expensive in construction and maintenance due to high no. of bends and joints required - Poor flow due to restrictions caused by bends

Answer 14

- Fast loading and discharging rates: there are fewer bends and joints ensuring a minimum loss of pressure during loading and allows good suction to the cargo pumps during discharge. - Relatively cheap construction - Line washing time reduced

Answer 15

- Little versatility when loading different grades | - Leaks can be difficult to control due to small number of valves required.

Answer 16

- Fast loading and discharging - Efficient tank draining - Easy operation - Low maintenance costs - Cheap to build

Answer 17

- High risk of contamination between tanks | - Vessel is limited to carrying a single grade

Answer 18

When oil cargo is used to clean the tanks. When oil cargo is sprayed on the tanks walls and surfaces, the sediments sticking to the tanks are dissolved and can be pumped out as useful cargo.

Answer 19

``` Increased cargo out-turn Reduction in cost of cleaning prior to D/D Less manual desludging Environmentally friendly Reduction in ballast tank cleaning Less sea water to be discharged to refineries Less corrosion in tanks Reduction in dead freight ```

Answer 20

``` Increase in port time Cargo loss due to increased vapour generation Increased workload for crew in port Higher training costs for crew Pollution potential Higher capital cost for installation Reduction in overall discharge rate ```

Answer 21

- Inert gas plant failure - Failure of oxygen analysing equipment - Low inert gas pressure - High oxygen content of inert gas - Any pipeline leakage - Tank overflow - Pipeline joint blowout - Sounding of any alarm bells - Failure of tank gauging systems - Changing ullage in tanks not being discharged - Failure of communications - Difficulty in keeping the ship alongside - Bad weather - Any unsafe situation developing - Shore instructions/emergency

Petroleum Flashcards

(45 cards)