are alkanes generally reactive
no
whats the trend in boiling points with alkanes
the longer the carbon chain the higher the boiling point due to stronger van der waals forces between molecules
whats the trend with boiling points and branched hydrocarbons
the more branches the lower the boiling point due to the molecules having weaker van der waals
forces
how is crude oil and natural gas formed
the slow decay of
marine biodiversity over millions of years under heat and pressure in the absence of
air
what physical property does fractional distillation work by
the different boiling points of the hydrocarbons
whats the process of fractional distillation
- the crude oil is vaporised
-the vapour enters the fractioning
column (hottest at
bottom - coolest at top)
-the vapour rises through and different hydrocarbons condense
at different levels
-the larger the molecule the lower down it condense
whats the trend in physical properties as the carbon chain gets
longer
-becomes more viscous
-less volatile
-harder to ignite
-higher boiling
points
whats the order of fractions
from the top
Fancy fuel gasses Geese gasoline Nose naptha Ketamin kerosene Daily deisel Rad residue
what are the two kinds of crackig
thermal cracking and catalytic cracking
what is cracking
the breakdown of long chain alkanes
into short chain alkanes
describe the conditions
for thermal cracking
900 degress celsius
70 atm
produces alkenes
describe the coniditions
for catalytic crackig
450degrees
1-2 atm
zeolite catalyst
motor fuelsare the product
what is reforming
turning straight chain hydrocarbons into branches or cyclical so they can burn better and be used as more efficient fuels
whats the complete equations for complete combustion
CH4 + 2O2 ——>CO2 + 2H2O
whats the equation for incomplete combustion
2CH4 + 3O2 —-> 2CO + 2H2O