PFCCS

Question 1

Equation for cardiac output?

Answer 1

HR x stroke volume

Question 2

Factors influencing stroke volume?

Answer 2

Preload, contractility, afterload

Question 3

What is the earliest indicator of increased cardiac output?

Answer 3

Tachycardia

Question 4

Normal RR for newborn?

Answer 4

30-60 breaths/min

Question 5

Normal RR for infant (1-12 months)?

Answer 5

30-60 breaths/min

Question 6

Normal RR for toddler (1-2 yo)?

Answer 6

24-40

Question 7

For respiratory failure, PaO2 = ?

Answer 7

PaO2 < 60 mm Hg with FiO2 >0.6

Question 8

For respiratory failure, PaCO2 = ?

Answer 8

PaCO2 >55 mm Hg

Question 9

Complications post intubation (DOPE)?

Answer 9

Displacement of ETT
Obstruction
Pneumothorax
Equipment failure (ex: vent problem)

Question 10

Ratio of compressions:breaths in peds CPR?

Answer 10

1 person - 30:2
2 people - 15:2

Question 11

Dose of epi for peds CPR?

Answer 11

0.1 mL/kg

Question 12

When to consider chest compressions for bradycardia?

Answer 12

HR < 60 bpm

Question 13

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest - 6 H’s?

Answer 13

Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hydrogen ion (acidosis)
Hypoglycemia
Hypo- or hyperkalemia
Hypothermia

Question 14

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest - 6 T’s?

Answer 14

Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins
Thrombosis (pulmonary)
Thrombosis (coronary)
Trauma

Question 15

Causes of hypoxemic respiratory failure?

Answer 15

V/Q mismatch, alveolar hypoventilation/pulmonary shunt, impaired gas diffusion, increased altitude

Question 16

Causes of hypercapnic respiratory failure?

Answer 16

Decreased RR, decreased tidal volume, increased dead space
Alveolar hypoventilation

Question 17

21% O2 = _ PaO2

Answer 17

90 mm Hg

Question 18

30% O2 = _ PaO2

Answer 18

150 mm Hg

Question 19

40% O2 = _ PaO2

Answer 19

200 mm Hg

Question 20

50% O2 = _ PaO2

Answer 20

250 mm Hg

Question 21

100% O2 = _ PaO2

Answer 21

500 mm Hg

Question 22

Normal PaO2:FiO2 ratio?

Answer 22

> 300

Question 23

Severe PaO2:FiO2 ratio?

Answer 23

<200

Question 24

Types of noninvasive ventilation?

Answer 24

CPAP, NIPPV, BiPAP

Question 25

Initial setting for infants <12 mos: Nasal CPAP _ cm H20

Answer 25

5

Question 26

Initial noninvasive settings for toddlers 1-2 yo: IPAP: _ EPAP: _ FiO2: _

Answer 26

IPAP: 8 cm H2O EPAP: 4 cm H2O FiO2: 1.0 Backup rate appropriate for age and disease

Question 27

Initial noninvasive settings for children >2 yo: IPAP: _ EPAP: _ FiO2: _

Answer 27

IPAP: 10 cm H2O EPAP: 5 cm H2O FiO2: 1.0 Backup rate appropriate for age and disease

Question 28

Initial tidal volume setting for ventilator?

Answer 28

TV = 6-8 mL/kg

Question 29

Initial rate for ventilator based on age: <6 mos: _ 6 mos to 2 years: _ >2 years: _

Answer 29

<6 mos: 24-30 breaths/min 6 mos to 2 years: 20-24 breaths/min >2 years: start at 20 breaths/min

Question 30

Physiologic PEEP?

Answer 30

3-5 cm H2O

Question 31

Initial pressure support setting for ventilator?

Answer 31

5-10 cm H2O

Question 32

Inspiratory plateau pressure is an indicator of?

Answer 32

Alveolar distension

Question 33

What are some adverse effects of Pplat > 30 cm H2O?

Answer 33

Barotrauma, volutrauma, hemodynamic compromise

Question 34

How to decrease Pplat?

Answer 34

Decrease PEEP or tidal volume

Question 35

What are determinants of oxygen delivery?

Answer 35

Blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen content

Question 36

For persistent warm shock, use norepi or epi?

Answer 36

Warm = norepi

Question 37

For persistent cold shock, use norepi or epi?

Answer 37

Cold = epi

Question 38

How to treat cardiogenic shock due to SVT?

Answer 38

ABCs Vagal maneuvers (ice to face) and/or adenosine WHILE setting up synchronized cardioversion Never give CCB to infants Exclude CHD

Question 39

How to treat cardiogenic shock due to ductal-dependent lesion?

Answer 39

ABCs Small 5-10 mL/kg fluid boluses PGE1 0.05 mcg/kg/min Anticipate apnea with PGE use (use atropine for intubation)

Question 40

Morphine or benzos may precipitate ____tension in obstructive shock

Answer 40

Hypotension

Question 41

Antibiotics for toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 41

Clindamycin + vancomycin

Question 42

Antibiotics for necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 42

High-dose IV clindamycin and high-dose penicillin Add vancomycin/daptomycin if MRSA suspected

Question 43

How to calculate sodium deficit for symptomatic hyponatremia?

Answer 43

0.6. x (weight in kg) x target Na minus measured Na Ex: to bring Na up by 5 mEq, give 0.6 x 10 kg x 5 mEq = 30 mEq = 60 mL 3% saline

Question 44

Once seizures are controlled, remainder of sodium deficit should be increased by?

Answer 44

0.5-1.0 mEq/L/hr