Pfeiffer

Question 1

The two major causes of preventable death

Answer 1

hemorrhage (anticipate shock) and infections (contaminated prevention)

Question 2

Spleen, liver, stomach are all intra or retro peritoneal?

Answer 2

intraperitoneal

Question 3

kidneys and aorta are intra or retro peritoneal

Answer 3

retroperitoneal –> hidden hemorrhage

Question 4

Major Regional injury to:

• thoracic region - liver and spleen
• true abdomen - intestines
• retroperitoneal

Answer 4

• liver and spleen - hemorrhage
• shock, peritonitis, infection
• severe hidden hemorrhage (major vessels)

Question 5

More common abdominal trauma - blunt or penetrating?

Answer 5

blunt > penetrating (gunshots > stabbings)

Question 6

Two major concerns regarding abdominal trauma

Answer 6

Hemorrhagic shock

SEPSIS (+/or peritonitis)

Question 7

What is direct compression of the abdomen called?

Wha happens to solid organs (spleen/liver) v. hollow organs (intestine)?

Answer 7

BLUNT abdominal trauma
Solid organs fracture
Hollow organs blowout

Question 8

What do deceleration forces result in in blunt abdominal trauma?

Answer 8

TEARING of organs and blood vessels

Question 9

What organ(s) is/are most commonly injured in blunt abd trauma? Dangerous why?

Answer 9

-liver/spleen most commonly injured.

Dangerous bc often no/minimal external evidence, BLOOD LOSS and pain are concealed.

Question 10

What is direct trauma to organ or vasculature of the abdomen called? Do not do what type of rescusitation for this?

Answer 10

PENETRATING abd injury

-caution vigorous fluid rescusitation

Question 11

Splenic injury refers where?

Answer 11

Left posterior shoulder pain

Question 12

Liver injury refers where?

Answer 12

right posterior shoulder pain

Question 13

distension, tenderness, tenseness,

pelvic tenderness, bony crepitation all indicate what?

Answer 13

severe hemorrhage

Question 14

always assess and treat for what, even if injury is not apparent?

Answer 14

shock - signs do not appear early

Question 15

do what three things for eviscerations?

Answer 15

• DO NOT push viscera back into abdomen
• cover with moistened gauze(cloth)
• apply nonadherent material to prevent drying

Question 16

What 3 steps for impaled object?

Answer 16

• DO NOT remove
• gently stabilize object
• avoid mvmt

Question 17

5 strategies to ensure coorperaiton

Answer 17

• ID yourself and orient pt to surroundings
• tx with respect, avoid being judgemental
• acknowledge concerns and feelings
• let pts know what’s required of them
• ask closed ended questions for history

Question 18

Note what upon initial survey/assessment of pt?

Answer 18

Mental status
Pupils
Speech
Respiration
Needle marks

Question 19

Altered mental status is due to what three things until proven otherwise?

Answer 19

Head injury, shock, hypoglycemia.

Question 20

Under the influence of what if there’s slurred speech

Answer 20

alcohol and sedatives

Question 21

Under the influence of what if there’s significantly depressed respirations

Answer 21

opiates and sedatives

Question 22

Under the influence of what if pupils:
constricted
dilated
fixed and dilated

Answer 22

• constricted - opiates, early barbituate use
• dilated - amphetatimes, cocaine, hallucinogens, marijuana
• fixed and dilated - high dose barbituates

Question 23

Do what 3 things when interacting with an uncooperative pt?

Answer 23

be firm
set limits to behavior
consider physical restraints

Question 24

Types of restrains (4)

Answer 24

Spinal immobilization
reeves sleeve
soft restrains
CHEMICAL (paralytic)

Question 25

Do what two things to survey for altered mental status?

Answer 25

finger stick glucose

cardiac monitoring