Pg 156-159

Question 1

What soil structures have more porosity?

Answer 1

Crumby and granular (spheroids)

Question 2

What is the ideal ratio of micro to macro pores in soil?

Answer 2

0.04236111111111107

Question 3

What type of silicate is Olivine?

Answer 3

Ferro-magnesium silicate

Question 4

What are two hydrated forms of Olivine?

Answer 4

Talc and serpentine

Question 5

What is Tourmaline?

Answer 5

Boron-alumina silicate

Question 6

What mineral is a source of Phosphorus?

Answer 6

Apatite

Question 7

What minerals are sources of Potassium?

Answer 7

Biotite, Orthoclase

Question 8

What minerals are sources of Magnesium?

Answer 8

Dolomite, Olivine

Question 9

What minerals are sources of Calcium?

Answer 9

Anorthite, Dolomite

Question 10

What mineral is a source of Boron?

Answer 10

Tourmaline

Question 11

What mineral is a source of Molybdenum?

Answer 11

Olivine

Question 12

What mineral is a source of Manganese?

Answer 12

Pyrolusite

Question 13

What is the most resistant mineral to weathering?

Answer 13

Quartz

Question 14

What is the order of mineral resistance to weathering (from most to least resistant)?

Answer 14

Quartz > Muscovite > Feldspar > Biotite > Calcite

Question 15

What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 15

Oxygen

Question 16

What is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 16

Silicon

Question 17

What is the most important silicate clay?

Answer 17

Phyllosilicate

Question 18

What are the two types of sheets in silicate clay?

Answer 18

Silica-dominated and Aluminum/Magnesium-dominated

Question 19

What is the structure of a silica-dominated sheet?

Answer 19

Tetrahedral

Question 20

What is the structure of an Aluminum/Magnesium-dominated sheet?

Answer 20

Octahedral

Question 21

What are the three groups of silicate clays based on sheet arrangement?

Answer 21

1:1 type, 2:1 type, 2:1:1 or 2:2 type

Question 22

Give an example of a 1:1 type silicate clay.

Answer 22

Kaolinite

Question 23

Give an example of a 2:1 type silicate clay.

Answer 23

Montmorillonite, illite, vermiculite

Question 24

Give an example of a 2:1:1 or 2:2 type silicate clay.

Answer 24

Chlorites

Question 25

What is the extra layer of Mg-dominated alumina sheet in 2:1:1 clays called?

Answer 25

Brucite

Question 26

What are the two groups of silicate clays based on expansion?

Answer 26

Expanding and non-expanding

Question 27

Give examples of expanding type silicate clays.

Answer 27

Montmorillonite, Vermiculite

Question 28

Give examples of non-expanding type silicate clays.

Answer 28

Illite, Micas (Muscovite, Biotite)

Question 29

What is the most common Smectite in soils?

Answer 29

Montmorillonite

Question 30

What is the main characteristic of Vermiculite?

Answer 30

Limited expansion but high CEC

Question 31

Who is the father of soil taxonomy?

Answer 31

Dr. Guy D. Smith

Question 32

What is the primary basis for identifying soil classes in the 7th approximation?

Answer 32

Soil properties

Question 33

How many soil orders are there in the 7th approximation?

Answer 33

12

Question 34

What is the largest soil order in the world?

Answer 34

Inceptisols

Question 35

What is the second most abundant soil order?

Answer 35

Entisols

Question 36

What soil order is known for its high content of expansive clay?

Answer 36

Vertisols

Question 37

What soil order is common in tropical rainforests and rich in iron and aluminum oxides?

Answer 37

Oxisols

Question 38

What soil order is known for its clay-enriched subsoil and high native fertility?

Answer 38

Alfisols

Question 39

What soil order is rich in organic materials and commonly known as peat or muck?

Answer 39

Histosols

Question 40

What soil order is dominant in desert areas and has very low organic matter?

Answer 40

Aridisols

Question 41

What soil order is known as Podzol and found in cool, humid areas?

Answer 41

Spodosols

Question 42

What soil order is known as red clay soils and has low base saturation?

Answer 42

Ultisols

Question 43

What soil order is formed in semi-arid to semi-humid areas and has a high organic matter surface?

Answer 43

Mollisols

Question 44

What soil order is formed in volcanic ash and is highly fertile?

Answer 44

Andisols

Question 45

What soil order is found in very cold climates and contains permafrost?

Answer 45

Gelisols

Question 46

What are the two major groups of land capability classification?

Answer 46

Lands suitable for cultivation and lands not suitable for cultivation

Question 47

How many land capability classes are there?

Answer 47

8

Question 48

Which land capability classes are suitable for regular cultivation?

Answer 48

I, II, III

Question 49

What is the main feature of Inceptisols?

Answer 49

Minimal horizon development

Question 50

What is the main feature of Entisols?

Answer 50

No profile development beyond A horizon

Question 51

What is the main feature of Vertisols?

Answer 51

High content of expansive clay, deep cracks

Question 52

What is the main feature of Oxisols?

Answer 52

High concentration of iron and aluminum oxides

Question 53

What is the main feature of Alfisols?

Answer 53

Clay-enriched subsoil, high native fertility

Question 54

What is the main feature of Histosols?

Answer 54

Organic-rich soils, low bulk density

Question 55

What is the main feature of Aridisols?

Answer 55

Very low organic matter, salt accumulation

Question 56

What is the main feature of Spodosols?

Answer 56

Accumulation of organic matter and aluminum oxides

Question 57

What is the main feature of Ultisols?

Answer 57

Red clay soils, low base saturation

Question 58

What is the main feature of Mollisols?

Answer 58

High organic matter surface, fertile

Question 59

What is the main feature of Andisols?

Answer 59

Formed in volcanic ash, high fertility

Question 60

What is the main feature of Gelisols?

Answer 60

Permafrost within two meters of the surface