Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

The Psych Bible > Pgs 21-23 > Flashcards

Pgs 21-23 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

An inability to retrieve information from one’s past (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Retroactive interference

A

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risky shift phenomenon

A

The observed tendency of people to make more daring decisions when they are in groups than when they are alone (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Robbers cave experiment

A

Done by Myzafer Sherif; intergroup conflict occurs when two groups are in competition for limited resources (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scatterplot: Correlations

A

Graphed cluster of dots each of which represents values of two variables; amount of scatter indicates strength of correlation (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Schachter two-factor

A

Schacter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Schedules of Reinforcement

A

A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Schedules of reinforcement-

Continuous

A

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schedules of reinforcement-

Fixed-Ratio

A

Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Schedules of reinforcement-

Variable-Ratio

A

Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schedules of reinforcement-

Fixed-Interval

A

Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Schedules of reinforcement-

Variable-Interval

A

Reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schema

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets info (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A group of sever disorders characterized by disorganized/delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions & inappropriate emotions/ behaviors (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Schizophrenia subtypes-

Paranoid

A

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schizophrenia subtypes-

Disorganized

A

Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Schizophrenia subtypes-

Catatonic

A

Immobility, extreme negativism, and/or repeating another’s speech or movements (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Schizophrenia subtypes-

Undifferentiated

A

Many and varied symptoms (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Schizophrenia subtypes-

Residual

A

Withdrawal after hallucination or delusions have disappeared (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Seasonal-Affective Disorder Treatment

A

Most common:

Psychotherapy, light therapy, or CBT (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Secondary Reinforcer

A

Learned stimulus that reinforces desired behavior after being paired with a primary reinforcer (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Selective Attention

A

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus (#23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior (#22)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prospective memory

A

Memory of things that one plans to do at a particular time in the future (#22)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Proximity (relationships)
Physical and psychological nearness to others tends to increase interpersonal liking (#23)
26
Prototype
A mental image or best example of a category (#22)
27
Random assignment
Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance (#22)
28
Random sample
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion (#22)
29
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Confrontational cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions (#22)
30
Reality principle
States that people feel compelled to defer instant gratification when necessary because of the obstacles of reality (#22)
31
Recall
Measure of memory where one must retrieve info learned earlier (#22)
32
Recency effect
When people are asked to recall in any order the items on a list, those that come at the end of the list are more likely to be recalled (#22)
33
Recessive genes
Gene that can be masked by a dominant gene (#22)
34
Reciprocal determinism
The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment (#22)
35
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them (#22)
36
Reflex arc
The neural pathway which mediates a reflex action (#22)
37
Refute
Method of proving that a theory or statement is invalid (#22)
38
Reliability
The extent to which a test yields consistent results (through consistency of scores on two halves or on retesting) (#22)
39
REM (paradoxical sleep)
Rapid eye moving sleep, a reoccurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur (#22)
40
Replication
Repeating the essence of a research study to see if the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances (#22)
41
Representative sample
Sample drawn from a population of interest and has demographics and characteristics that match those of the population in as many ways possible (#22)
42
Representativeness heurist
When we estimate the likelihood of an event by comparing it to an existing prototype that already exists in our minds (#22)
43
Reticular formation
Nerve network that travels through the brainstem and controls arousal (#22)
44
Post-traumatic Stress D/O (PTSD)
Haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, lingering for more than two weeks due to traumatic experience (#21)
45
Prefrontal Cortex
Located in the front of the frontal lobe, responsible for planing complex cognition behavior, decision making, and socializing (#21)
46
Premack Principle
Preferred behaviors can be used as reward for less desired behaviors (#21)
47
Primary Effect
Aka serial position; people recall first and last items better (#21)
48
Primary Reinforcers
Innately reinforcing stimulus, satisfying a biological need (#21)
49
Priming
The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception memory, or response (#21)
50
Proactive Interference
Tendency of previously learned material to hinder new learning (#21)
51
Procedural Memory
Stores info for basic motor skills (#21)
52
TAT
test that evaluates person’s patterns of thoughts, attitudes, and emotional responses (#21)
53
Rorschach inkblot test
Used to analyze personality and conflicts (#21)
54
Piaget’s cognitive stages
``` Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational (#21) ```
55
Pineal gland
Small endocrine gland; produces melatonin (#21)
56
Pitch
A tone’s highness or lowness; depends on frequency (#21)
57
Pituitary gland
Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands (#21)
58
Place theory
Sounds we hear coincide with stimulation of certain part of cochlea membrane (#21)
59
Placebo Effect
Experimental results caused by expectations alone (#21)
60
Plasticity
Brains ability to reorganize after damage (#21)
61
Positive Symptoms D/O
Symptoms that are being placed upon a person (#21)
62
Positive Reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by presenting a stimulus that, when presented after a response. strengthens it (#21)
63
Positive Punishment
Presenting a negative sequence after an undesired behavior (#21)

The Psych Bible (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions