Pharm Flashcards by Joe Gustin

What are some examples of Gram + bacteria

Staph Aureus
Staph Pneumoniae
Staph Agalactiae
MRSA
Strep Pyogenes
Enterococcus
Enterococcus faecium
Lactobacilli
Clostridium diff
Acinetobacter baumannii

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What are some examples of Gram- bacteria

E. Coli
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhea
Haemophilius influenza
Enterobacteriaeceae

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Staph aureus: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

Causes
-Skin infections
-Endocarditis
-Sepsis
-Osteomyelitis
-Pneumonia

Antibx Treatment:
-1st Generation Cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Cephalexin)
-Vancomycin (PO/IV)
-Linezolid

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MRSA: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

CAP
Skin and soft tissue infections

1st Line Treatment:
-Vancomycin
Daptomycin

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Strep Pyogenes: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

Pharyngitis
Impetigo
Cellulitis

Antibx Treatment:
Penicillins

Glycopeptides: Vanc

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Staph pneumoniae: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

Pneumonia
Meningitis
Sepsis

Penicillin G

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Enterococcus: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

UTI
Parotitis
Intra-abdominal infections
Cellulitis
Endocarditis

Treatment:
-Penicillins/Beta-Lactamase
—-Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
—-Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

5th Generation Cephalosporins
-Ceftaroline

Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Linezolid

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Enterococcus faecium: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

Pressure sores
Blood stream infections
Endocarditis

Linezolid

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Clostridium difficile: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

C. Diff Colitis

PO vanc

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Acinetobacter baumannii: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

Ventilator acquired PNA

Tetracyclines:
–Doxycycline

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E. Coli: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

Food-borne illness
UTI
Cholecystitis
Traveler’s Diarrhea
Sepsis

Floroquinolones:
Ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

Otitis Externa
PNA (especially VAP)
Wound infx
UTI
Sepsis

Treatment:
-3rd gen Cephalosporin
—-Ceftazidime

-4th generation Cephalosporin
—Cefepime

Carbapenems

Floroquinolones:
-Ciprofloxacin
-Levofloxacin

Penicillins/beta-lactamase
–Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

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Klebsiella Pneumoniae: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

PNA
UTI
Sepsis

Send culture

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Neisseria gonorrhea: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

3rd Gen Cephalosporin
-Ceftriaxone

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Haemophilius Influenza: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

PNA
Bronchitis
Otitis Media
Cellulitis
Infectious arthritis

Second Generation Cephalosporins
–Ceftoxitin

Macrolides
-Azythromycin

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Penicillins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

PCN G
PCN V
Amoxicillin: G+, G-
Ampicillin: G+, G-

Amoxicillin: 1st line for acute otitis media and sinusitis
Amoxacillin: CAP without comorbidities

Treats Strep pyogenes

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Beta-lactamase inhibitors: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Clavulanic acid
Avibactam
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

Augmentin (Amox/Clavulanic acid): 1st line for bites, UTI in pregnancy

Acute:
-Health Care Associated Infections
-Mixed infections (wound and intra-abd)

Outpt:
-CAP with comorbidities or recent hospitalization
-Sinusitis
-Skin and soft tissue

First Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Cefazolin (IV)
Cephalexin (PO)

Best G+ Coverage - Staph aureus, Staph Epidermis
Least G- Coverage

Treats most strep infx
Skin infx
Pneumococcal respiratory infx
UTI

Second Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Ceftoxitin
Cefuroxime (PO)

G+, G-
Enhanced H. influenzaie and anaerobic coverage

CAP
Skin infx

Third Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Ceftriaxone
Cefpodoxime (PO)

G+, G-
N. Gonorrhea

Skin and soft tissue infections
Bacterial PNA
UTI
Bacterial Meningitis

Ceftriaxone does not cover Pseudomonas

Fourth Generation Cephalosporin: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Cefepime

G+, G-
Pseudomonas coverage

PNA
Skin infections
Sepsis

Fifth Generation Cephalosporin: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Ceftaroline

Least G+ coverage
Best G- coverage
G- rods
MRSA

CAP
Skin and soft tissue

Highest chance of developing C. Diff

Carbapenems: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Imipenem
Meropenem

G+, Aerobic G- rods, Anaerobes

HAI (VAPs and UTIs)
Mixed infections

Does not cover MRSA

Fluroquinolones: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

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Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

Broad Spectrum
G+ rods
G- cocci

Levofloxacin: 1st line for atypical/complicated PNA with comorbities

Ciprofloxacin: 1st line for pyelonephritis, prostatitis
—-No longer abx of choice in uncomplicated UTI

Not safe in pregnancy

Glycopeptides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Vancomycin (only used PO to treat C. diff) 1st Line Treatment: C. Diff Also for: Skin and Soft tissue Prosthetic device infx Treats: G+ -Strep -Enterococcus -MRSA -MRSE -Clostridium

Lincosamides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Clindamycin Aerobic G+ Anaerobes Protozoa Treats: Mixed intrabd infx Community acquired MRSA Brain abscess in AIDS patients Dental infx Acne (topical) Avoided due to high risk for C. Diff

Oxazolidinones: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Linezolid G+ -MRSA -VRE Skin and soft tissue CAP HAP

Nitroimidazoles: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Metronidazole (PO, IV, Topical) Tinidazole Broad spectrum (bacterial and parasitic) Most anaerobes Treats: Intra-abd infx C. Diff colitis Anaerobic protozoal infx Metronidazole: -Trchomonas -Giardia -BV

Rifamycins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Rifampin Rifaximin Aerobic and anaerobic G+ cocci and rods Prosthetic valve endocarditis Rifampin: TB Rifaximin: Traveler's diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy

Tetracyclines: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Doxycycline Intracellular/atypical bacteria Rickettsia Mycoplasma Acenitobacter baumanii Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Complicated intra-abd infx VAP Outpatient: Skin infx (MRSA) Acne Lyme Respiratory infx Chlamydia CAP Not to be used in pregnancy

Sulfonamides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) G+, G- Mycobacterium Fungi Parasites Community acquired MRSA UTI Cerebral toxoplasmosis Don't use with ACE, ARB, pregnancy

Aminoglycosides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Gentamicin Tobramicin Nitrofurantoin Aerobic G- rods Nitrofurantoin - 1st line for uncomplicated UTI Gentamicin - Multidrug resistant infx, VAP, Endocarditis, Zoonotic infections

Macrolides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

Erythromyicn - G+ Clarithromycin - Slightly greater activity than Erythromycin against atypicals and H. Pylori Azithromycin - Less active against G+ (strep, staph), more active against G- (H. Flu) 1st Line in CAP - Azithromycin 1st Line in Pertussis 1st line in Chlamydia - Azithromycin

Antibiotics that cover MRSA

Vancomycin 1st line Doxycycline or Bactrim for PO option

When would you use a long acting beta agonist for asthma

Persistent asthma that would be combined with inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone)

What category of anti-HTNsive reduces LV remodeling during HRrEF

ACE-I

What are examples of high intensity statins

Atorvastatin Rosuvastatin Lowers LDL >50%

First line medication choice for peptic ulcer disease

PPI (-zole)

First line treatment of stable ventricular tachycardia

Amiodarone

Algorithm for Cardiac Arrest - Asystole/PEA

Start CPR and attach defibrillator Shockable rhythm? - Asystole and PEA are not shockable rhythms Give Epinephrine CPR for 2 minutes ---while doing this, insert IVs Give epinephrine every 3-5 minutes Determine if shockable rhythm If not able to obtain shockable rhythm and no ROSC - call it

Algorithm for Cardiac Arrest - Ventricular Fibrillation or Ventricular Tachycardia

Start CPR Is it a shockable rhythm? YES! Administer shock - biphasic CPR for 2 mins - obtain IV/IO access Check rhythm If still shockable, shock again Administer Epinephrine every 3-5 mins If rhythm shockable again - do it Administer amiodarone

First line treatment for Torsades

Magnesium

Pharm Flashcards

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