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nclex MUST-KNOWs > PHARM > Flashcards

PHARM Flashcards

1
Q

Heparin (HEP)

A
  • anticoagulant
  • aPTT = 30-40 sec
  • therapuetic range = 1.5-2.5x normal = 46-70 sec
  • ONLY anticoag safe in pregnancy!
  • monitor for BLEEDING!
  • antidote: Protamine sulfate
  • complications: HITT (low platelets due to increased clotting)
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2
Q

Warfarin

A
  • anticoagulant
  • INR/PT = 0.9-1.2 sec
  • therapeutic range = 2-3 sec
  • antidote: Vitamin K
  • NEVER with the 4 G’s (ginger, garlic, ginseng, ginko biloba)
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3
Q

Phenytoin

A
  • antiseizure
  • therapeutic level = 10-20
  • SE: gingival hyperplasia!
  • needs a filter!
  • NO CALCIUM!
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4
Q

Benzodiazepines (-zep- / -pams)

A
  • sedatives/anti-anxiety
  • treats seizures = Lorazepam
  • antidote: Flumazenil
  • Midazolam = fast-acting benzo
  • Diazepam = long-acting benzo
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5
Q

SSRIs (Fluozetine, Sertraline, Escitalopram)

A
  • antidepressants
  • increases serotonin
  • SE: serotonin syndrome (HTN, confusion, anxiety, sweating)
  • SUICIDE PRECAUTIONS for 2-3 weeks!
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6
Q

TCAs (-triptyline)

A
  • antidepressants
  • increases norepinephrine + serotonin
  • anticholinergic SE: can’t see/pee/spit/shit
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7
Q

MAOIs (Isocarboxacid, Phenelezine, Tranylcypromine)

A
  • antidepressant (IsoPheneTrany)
  • increases all neurotransmitters
  • SE: hypertensive crisis!
  • NO TYRAMINE! (cheese, wine, avocaods)
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8
Q

Lithium Carbonate

A
  • mood stabilizer
  • treats bipolar disorder!
  • therapeutic range = 0.6-1.2
  • SE: seizures, arrythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea
  • NO NSAIDs + DIURETICs
  • AVOID dehydration
  • not feeling well? take Lithium level + call MD!
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9
Q

Haloperidol

A
  • first-gen antipsychotic
  • SE: EPS, tardive dyskinesia, NMS
  • Extrapyramidal Symtpoms (EPS) = “Parkinson’s” tremors, slurred speech, dystonia, anxiety
  • Tardive dyskinesia= involuntary repetitive moements (facial twitching, lip smacking, grimacing)
  • Neuroleptic Malignany Syndrome (NMS) = “sunburnt white muscular guy” fever, muscle rigidity, altered LOC, increased WBCs
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10
Q

-zine (Chlorpromazine)

A
  • antipsychotic

ALL antipsychotics SE: EPS, NMS, tardive dyskinesia!

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11
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A
  • antihistamine (allergies)
  • SE: drowsiness, anticholinergic SE, CNS depression
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12
Q

Furosemide

A
  • diuretic
  • treats HF
  • Na is exreted in urine
  • BEFORE administering IV = check BP!
  • SE: tinnitus (when pushed too fast)
  • monitor K levels!
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13
Q

Spironolactone

A
  • Sp = Spares K+
  • K-sparing diuretic
  • treats HF + HTN
  • monitor K levels!
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14
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A
  • (-thiazide) diuretic
  • absorbs Na + water
  • montor BP + electrolytes!
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15
Q

ACE-Inhibitors (-pril)

A
  • Lisinopril, Perindopril
  • antihypertensive
  • can causes COUGH + ANGIOEDEMA –> use ARBs instead!
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16
Q

ARBs (-sartan)

A
  • Losartan, Candesartan
  • antihypertensive
  • alternative drug for ACE-inhibitors!
17
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine)

A
  • Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem
  • antihypertensive
  • SE: peripheral vasodilation + gingival hyperplasia
  • NO GRAPEFRUIT!
18
Q

Beta-Blockers (-olol)

A
  • Metoprolol, Bisoprolol
  • lowers BP!
  • beta 1 = (heart) increases inotropy + chronotropy
  • beta 2 = (lunngs) bronchodilation
  • monitor BP + HR (hold if HR < 60)
19
Q

Nitrates (Nitroglycerin)

A
  • vasodilator
  • treats angina + CAD
  • SE: headaches + lightheadedness
  • monitor BP!
20
Q

Adenosine

A
  • a”DOWN”osine
  • antiarrhythmic + pharmacologic cardioversion
  • treats SVT
  • push FAST!
  • may have brief aystole after administering
    -SE: may be uncomfortable!
21
Q

Atropine

A
  • atroPEAK
  • antiarrhythmic + anticholinergic
  • treats sinus bradycardia + heart block
  • inhibits Ach
  • NEVER IN GLAUCOMA PTS!
22
Q

Digoxin

A
  • cardiac glycoside
  • treats HF + for cardiogenic shock
  • decreases HR (increaes heart contractility)
  • therapeutic range = 0.5-2
  • early SE: N/V, anorexia, vision changes
  • late SE: bradycardia + arrhythmias!
  • DIGOXIN TOXICITY RISK FACTORS = hypoK, hypoMAG, hyperCA, elderly, licorice
  • BEFORE administering = check HR (hold if HR < 60)
  • antidote = Digibind (Digoxin Immune Fab)
23
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • vasocontrictor
  • emergency drug!
  • increases HR + systemic vascular resistance
  • given in CPR!
24
Q

Antivirals (-ivir)

A

Acyclovir, Remdesivir

25
Q

Antifungals (-azole)

A
  • Terbinafine (nail infections)
  • Fluconazole (vaginal thrush)
  • Nyststin + Miconazole (oral thrush)
26
Q

Antibiotics (-mycin)

A
  • Vancomycin
  • “mean old mycins” = strong antibitoics!
  • SE: red-man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity!
  • preferred via central IV line!
27
Q

Bronchodilators (-ol)

A
  • Albuterol, Salbutamol
  • B2 agonist
  • treats acute asthma attacks!
  • SE: tachycardia!
28
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • antiemetic = N/V
  • give SLOWLY (fast push = QT prolongation + V. Tach!)
29
Q

PPIs (-prazole)

A
  • GI med!
  • decreased gastric acid production
  • REPORT black, tarry stools (melena)!!
30
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • non-opioid analgesic + antipyretic (fever)
  • # 1 choice for FEVER!
  • MAX dose: 4 g (short-term) + 3 g (long-term)
  • antidote: N-acetylcysteine
  • SE: (long-term use) LIVER DAMAGE!
31
Q

NSAIDs

A
  • Naproxen, Salicylic acid/Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, Celecoxib, Diclofenac
  • non-opioid analgeics
  • treat pain, inflammation, fever
  • SE: BLEEDING + GASTIC ULCERS!
  • DO NOT take with other NSAIDs!
  • SUGGESTED/OKAY to take with opioids!
32
Q

Aspirin (ASA)

A
  • non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic (fever), antiplatelet
  • decreases platelet aggregation
  • treats MI
  • if given with viral disease in children = REYE’s SYNDROME!
  • SE: BLEEDING!
33
Q

Opioids

A
  • Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Codeine, Morphine, Oxycodone
  • opioid analgeics = CNS depressants = sedatives!
  • antidote: Naloxone (Narcan)
  • SE: constipation + bradypnea!
  • monitor for LOW RR!
34
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A
  • treats hypoMAG, Torsades de pointes, pre-eclampsia, + pre-term labor!
  • give IV SLOWLY!
  • monitor Mg levels
35
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • OB med! = induces labor!
  • hormone
  • stimulates smooth muscles causing contractions
  • monitor maternal contractions + FHR!
36
Q

Steroids (-sone)

A
  • Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone
  • supresses inflammation + immune response
  • monitor TOO much steroids = CUSHINGS!
  • SE: delayed wound healing!
37
Q

Disulfiram

A
  • “die” fur “rum”
  • treats alcoholism! = makes you want to “die”
    = NO ALCOHOL! (including mouthwash) = will make pt nauseous, vomit, and sick

nclex MUST-KNOWs (15 decks)

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