Pharm Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
Most potent to least derm formulation
A
-ointment
-cream (most easily absorbed)
-lotion
-solutions
2
Q
how many steroid classes
A
7
3
Q
most potent steroid class
A
1- never Rx in primary
4
Q
least potent steroid topical class
A
7- otc creams
5
Q
what potency is not prescribed in primary care
A
3-4
6
Q
bactroban treats what gm+ bacteria
A
staph aureus and strep pyogenes
7
Q
who to avoid bactroban in
A
pregnant people who are breastfeeding (not enough evidence)
8
Q
how soon to see improvement with bactroban
A
3-5 days
9
Q
antivirals can be harsh on what organ
A
kidneys- can lead to aki
10
Q
antifungal safety alert
A
they are teratogenic and increase risk of spont. abortion and heart defects
11
Q
what to look out for in those with antifungal meds
A
liver toxicity
12
Q
Selenium sulfide is both a
A
antifungal and antiinfective
13
Q
what is selenium sulfide used for
A
tinea versicolor
tinea capitus
14
Q
how to dose for pinworms
A
1 dose then another 2 weeks later
15
Q
terbinafine (lamisil) used for
A
tinea capitis
onchomycosis
16
Q
duration of terbinafine tx for tinea capitis
A
2-4 weeks
17
Q
duration of terbinafine for treatment of onchomycosis
A
6-12w
18
Q
griseofluvin used for
A
tinea capitis
19
Q
treatment duration of griseofulvin
A
6-8 weeks
20
Q
pt teaching with griseofulvin
A
take with fatty food
21
Q
what to monitor while on terbinafine
A
liver
22
Q
what is permethrin used for
A
lice and scabies
23
Q
how does permethrin work
A
overexcites the bug’s nervous system killin em
24
Q
dosing info for permethrin for scabies
A
-apply to entire body neck down for 12 hours then wash off
-repeat in one week
25
dosing info for permethrin for lice
-apply to scalp and wash out right after
-only kills active lice and not eggs
-need 2nd treatment and nit combing
26
go-to initial acne treatment
benzoyl peroxide which dries and peels skin causing vacteria to shed off
27
what is sodium valproate (valporic acid)(depakote) used for
treats and prevents seizures
28
normal valporic acid level
50-100mcg
29
valporic acid tox level
>100
30
SE of valporic acid
-wt gain
-hair loss with long term use
-hepato tox
31
what to monitor closely with valporic acid
liver
32
can we use depakote in pregnancy
NO
33
Phenytoin (dilantin) use
generalized and complex partial seizures
34
what must you tell pts with phenytoin (dilantin)
will decrease effectiveness of OCP
35
SE with dilantin (phenytoin)
-gingival hyperplasia
-hirsutism
36
what lab to monitor for with phenytoin (dilantin)
-avoid with liver issues (hepato tox)
-monitor LFT
37
What is tegretol (carbamazepine) used for
-trigeminal neuralgia
-seizures
38
how does tegretol (carbamazepine) work in trigeminal neuralgia
lessens pain signals sent to brain
39
Labs with tegretol (carbamazepine)
-CBC on initiation and q3mo for first year (bone marrow suppression and agranulocytosis)
-
40
important se with tegretol (carbamazepine)
-mildly anticholinergic
41
Gabapentin use for
-peripheral neuropathy
-post herpatic neuralgia
42
SE of gabapentin
-dependent possible
-sedating
43
how does gabapentin work
works in brain by altering electrical activity and neurotransmitters
44
Topiramate uses
-seizure prevention
-migrane prevention
45
common se of topiramate
-wt loss
46
Avoid topiramate in
-hepatic or renal issues
-May increase risk of kidney stones
47
Which antidepressants can be used for migrain prophylaxis
-TCA (amatryptaline, nortryptaline)
48
What is nice about triptans
they are not all equivalant, if one doesnt work try another
49
do NOT use triptans with
-uncontrolled HTN
-MAOI
-CAD
50
How to take triptans
-take asap at migrane start
-only use 2x per week (risk for rebount HA if used more)
51
How does levodopa-carbidopa work
increased dopamine in brain
52
What symptom is levodopa-carbidopa best on
bradykanesia
53
consern with levodopa-carbidopa
hypotension = falls
54
Dopamine agonist examples
-ropinirol (requip)
-Pramipexole
55
How do dopamine agonists work
mimic dopamine in brain
56
Why are dopamine agonists used
to delay levodopa initiationas long as possible
57
DE of dopamine agonists
-impulse control issues
-edema
-hypotension- common
58
What is meclizine (bonine)
-antiemetic
-bppv
-labyrinthitis
59
med onset and duration of meclizine
onset of 30min
lasts 8-24 hours
60
why is meclizine good for old folks
-only mildly anticholinergic or sedating
61
how long to treat with iron
3-6mo
62
why should parents give iron with a gtt
to prevent stainig of teeth
63
How to know if pt has pernicious anemia
neuro symptoms will be present
64
How to replace B12 in pernicious anemia
they lack intrensic factor so must be IM
65
first line HTN meds
-ACE/ARB
-thiazides
-CCBS
66
acei are great for
-new dx of HTN
-previous MI
-HF
-CKD
67
WHen to stop acei after starting on gfr
if it drops less than 30% from baseline
68
What are the two types of CCBS
-dihydropyridine
-non-dihydropyridine
69
What are examples of nondihydropyridine CCBS
-verapimil
-diltiazem
70
examples of dihydropyridine ccbs
"-dipines"
Amalodipine, nifidipne
71
SE of CCB
ankle edema
HA
avoid in gerd
72
Dont use tzd in gfr less than
30
73
avoid these Bp drugs if sulfa allergy
tzd
74
who are BB good for?
-EF<40%
-post MI
-anxiety and hyperthyroid for rate control
75
BBs are not good in
-asthma
-copd
76
how long does furosemide last
6-8hrs
77
What if ferosemide doses are given too quickly
ototoxicity
78
When is spironolactone usually given
HF
79
what to monitor with spironolactone
-renal
-K+ levels
80
weird SE of spironolactone
-gynocomastia
81
when do we use digoxin
HF with a/fib
82
how does digoxin work
-slows heart allowing for full filling time
-increases contractility
83
When to hold digoxin
when HR less than 60
84
s/s of digoxin tox
-Green/yellow halos
-fatigue
-brady
-weakness
-V-fib, V-tach
85
dig toxicity level
>2ng/ml
86
Why is hypokalemia significant with digoxin
low K+ can cause easier tox
87
antidote to digoxin
digibind
88
Nitrates used to treat
angina
89
What type of drug is amiodarone
antiarrhythmic
90
what is amiodarone used for
-a-fib
-ventricular arrythmias
91
long term SE of amiodarone
-thyroid (contins a lot of iodine, can cause hypo or hyper)
-Eyes (optic neuropathy, corneal deposits)
-Lungs (pulm tox, get baseline xray and PFT)
92
what med needs to be reduced with amiodarone
anticoags (incrase anticoag effectiveness so you have to drop dose)
93
what do statins do
-lower LDL and increase HDL
-Also lowers CRP levels
94
S/S of rhabdo
-elevated CK
-muscle pain
95
Drug induced hepatitis s/s
-dark urine
-jaundice
-fatigue
-abd pain
96
What do fibrates doq
-decrease triglycerides
-increase HDL
97
When to use fibrates
with triglycerides over 500
98
what doesnt fibrates do
lower ldl well
99
What does Niacin (nicotininc acid) do
-decreases triglycerides
-increase LDL
(little to no effect on LDL)
100
se of nicotinic acid (niacin)
-facial flushing 30-60mins after
(can be reduced with ASA coadmin)
101
pt teaching with niacin
dont take with warm water
102
bile acid sequestrants
cholestyramine
colestipol
103
what do bile acid sequestrants do
decrease LDL by binding to it
104
how to take bile acid sequestrants
take one hr before other meds
105
SE of bile acid sequestrants
sever GI stuff
-nausea
-constipation
106
improperly treated DVT =
PE in 45%
107
how long to keep pts on meds for DVT
x6mo
108
DVT apixaban (eliquis)
10mg bid x7 then 5mg
109
Dabigatran (pradaxa) for dvt
150mg bid 5-10d until lmwh
110
rivaroxaban (xarelto) for dvt
15mg bid x21d then 20mg qd
111
short term uses for wardfarin
-DVT
-PE
-Joint surgery
112
long term warfarin uses
-a-fib
-cardiomyopathy
113
lab for warfarin
pt/INR
114
goal of warfarin due to hear valve issues
2.5-3.5 (or 4)
115
How long to stop warfarin for surgery
5 days
116
What does warfarin interact with
-ASA
-Tylenol
-antacids
-abx
-antifungals
-antidepressants
117
what kind of food to limit with warfarin
green leafy veggies
118
When is enoxaparin used
-post op
-bridging to warfarin
119
BBW for exnoxaparin
dont give with spinal anesthesia!
120
Best anticoag in pregnancy
lovenox (warfarin causes 1st T defects)
121
Anticoags do
slow ability to make clots
122
antiplatelets
stop platelet aggrigation and stop clot formation
123
ASA is a
antiplatelet
124
how does ASA bind
irreversibliy for 10 days
125
What if our pt is allergic to asa
give plavix
126
When to stop ASA prior to sx
7-10days
127
what is ASA used in
CAD
Stroke
MI
RA/OA
128
what can amoxicillin be used for
-PNE
-acute otitis media if no abx in last 30
-group A strep
129
what can augmentin be used for
-sinusitis
-dog bites
-acute otitis media if abx in last 30
130
What is Pen G used for
syphilis
131
what can you treat mastitis with
-dicloxacillin
-keflex
-clinda (GI SE)
132
What are cephalosporins used for
-Post op wounds
-Otitis media if abx in last 30
-tx failure of sinusitis
-skin complaints
133
Good ages for cephalosporins
good for old, babes and pregnant women
134
Macrolides end in
"-mycin"
135
What are macrolides nortorious for?
GI side effects
136
Maccrolides are considered first line for
-PNE
-Group A strep
137
Can macrolides be used in pregnancy
YEA
138
Sulfonamides are good for
-uncomplicated UTI
-below the waste skin complaints
KILLS MRSA
139
What is a big risk of sulfonamides
Steven Johnsons
-eperdermal dealth and shedding which can be fatal
140
What are tetracyclines good for
-PNE
-Rocky Mt Fever
-Purulent cellulitis
-chlymydia
141
can you use tetracyclines in preg
NO
142
What are fluoroquinolones good for
-Pne
-UTI
-Travelers diarrhea
-divertic
-chronic prostatitis
143
BBW for floroquinolones
tendon rupture
144
can you use a fluroquinolones
cat C avoid
145
SE of metronidazole
-GI disturbances
-Metallic taste
146
Metronidazole treats
-Trichomoniasis
-BV
-Divertic
-Giardia
-Rosacia
147
When is clinamycin used
serious infections
purulent cellulitis
148
What is the pt at risk of when takin gclindamycin
-fatal colitis
-C. Diff
149
When is vanco indicated
-serious infections
-C.diff
-MRSA
150
risks of vanco
-ototox
-nephrotox
-red man (IV usually, 5-10 min after)
151
Rifampin used to treat
TB- long term use of 9-12mo
152
Serious SE of rifampin
-thromobytopenia
-liver tox
153
What drugs can tern secretions red
-rifampin
-pyridium
154
