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PHARM Flashcards

(133 cards)

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1
Q

Tacrolimus & pimecrolimus Uses

A

mild to mod atopic dermatitis

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2
Q

Tacrolimus & Pimecrolimus age limit

A

> 2yo

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3
Q

Isotretinoin uses

A

severe Acne

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4
Q

Isotretinoin SEs

A

NO pregnancy

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5
Q

Parenteral IV bioavailability

A

100%

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6
Q

Parenteral IV: effect time

A

30-60 secs

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7
Q

Parenteral IM: effect time

A

10-20 mins

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8
Q

Parenteral methods of admin

A
  • intravenous
  • intramuscular
  • subcutaneous
  • intra-arterial
  • intra-articular
  • intradermal
  • interosseous
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9
Q

Acyclovir Uses

A
  • HSV infxs
  • varicella
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10
Q

Clindamycin Uses:

A

mild - mod acne

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11
Q

Clindamycin SEs

A

blood diarrhea & pseudomembranous colitis

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12
Q

Lindane Uses

A

scabies

after first line methods have failed

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13
Q

Lindane Pearls

A
  • uses gloves & wash hands
    -not generally used
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14
Q

Lindane SEs

A

seizures & death
(neurotoxicity)

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15
Q

Fluorouracil Topical Uses

A
  • AK
  • BCC
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16
Q

Fluorouracil Topical SEs

A

NO pregnancy or breastfeeding

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17
Q

Bacitracin Uses

A

colonization by staph
(in anterior nares)

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18
Q

Bacitracin SEs

A
  • no large areas
  • no serious infxs
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19
Q

First line uses for Acne

A

Keratolytics
- benzoyl Peroxide & salicylic acid

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20
Q

Amphotericin-B Uses

A

Life threat fungal infx
- aspergillosis
- systemic candida
- coccidiodomycosis
- histoplasmosis
- Cryptococcus

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21
Q

Amphotericin-B pearls

A
  • hypotension
  • Tachypnea
  • hypokalemia
  • (rigors, HA, N/V/D)
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22
Q

Fluconazole Uses

A
  • candida
  • cryptococcal meningitis
  • onychomycosis (off-label)
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23
Q

Fluconazole SEs

A

single dose if pregnancy

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24
Q

Doxycycline Uses

A
  • RMSF
  • Mycoplasma pneumo
  • Rosacea
  • C. pneumo
  • STDs
  • Resp Infx
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25
Metronidazole Uses
- bacterial vaginosis - trich vaginalis - giardiasis - H. pylori
26
Metronidazole Pearls
NO alcohol during & 14 days after
27
Mebendazole Uses
Intestinal nematode infx - pin, whip, round, & hookworm
28
Mebendazole MOA
starves the worms but inhibiting glucose uptake
29
Augmentin: Uses
- Animal bites - Dental infx (second line) - Pneumo - OM, acute
30
Augmentin SEs/safety
careful w/ pts on methotrexate & Vit K antagonist--> enhance anticoagulant effect
31
Isoniazid Uses
Latent & active TB
32
Isoniazid Pearls/Caution
history of alcohol abuse hepatotoxicity
33
Levofloxacin Uses
-Legionella -Prostatitis - CAP/VAP
34
Levofloxacin BB warning for...
disabling, potentially irreversible rxns
35
Levofloxacin pregnancy risk
risk of spontaneous abortion
36
Chloramphenicol Uses
- RMSF (NOT first line) - bad bacterial infxs
37
Chloramphenicol BBW/ warnings
- blood dyscrasias & bone marrow suppression - NO Pregnancy
38
Nystatin Uses
- fungal infxs - candida albicans
39
Amoxicillin Uses
- Dental infections (1st line) - OM - pharyngitis
40
Pyrimethamine Uses
- toxoplasmosis gondii
41
Pyrimethamine can cause ___ in large doses and can cause ____.
- cardiac arrhythmia - rash, SJS/TEN
42
Pyrimethamine Safety
NO pregnancy
43
Valacyclovir Uses
- genital HSV - Herpes Zoster (Shingles) - Cold Sores
44
Why consider Valacyclovir over Acyclovir
higher serum conc & easier to take (less doses)
45
TMP-SMX Uses
- Pneumocystis jiroveci - Salmonellosis - MRSA infx - UTI (2nd line)
46
What medication has an interaction w/ TMP-SMX?
Warfarin
47
TMP-SMX Beers Criteria cause
hyperkalemia
48
Nitrofurantoin Uses
- UTI (1st line outpt)
49
Nitrofurantoin Safety
contraindicated at weeks 38-40 avoid if Cr clearance is <30mL/min
50
Gentamicin uses
serious infxs - sepsis - HAP - meningitis
51
Gentamicin is used in combo w/
ampicillin or vanc
52
Gentamicin pearls
can have wonky labs
53
Gentamicin safety
- nephrotoxic/ototoxic - closing monitoring - generally NO pregnancy
54
Azithromycin uses
- CAP (mycoplasma) - chlamydial infx - gonococcal infx
55
Azithromycin safety
risk of QTc prolongation
56
Note
Macrolides cause QTc prolongation
57
Ketoconazole (oral) Uses
Serious fungal infx - blastomycosis - coccidioidomycosis - histoplasmosis
58
Ketoconazole safety/SE
- hepatotoxicity - hepatic failure - NO pregnancy
59
Rimantadine Uses
influenza A tx & proph (usually no uses)
60
Does the CDC recommend we uses Rimantadine?
NO
61
Dimenhydrinate Uses
- motion sickness - N/V
62
Dimenhydrinate MOA
1st gen antihistamine. Antagonizes central & peripheral H1 recepetors
63
Dimenhydrinate caution if:
- HTN - asthma - COPD - LRT infx - GI obstruction - prostatic hypertrophy - >65 yo
64
Dimenhydrinate is contraindicated if:
taking anything w/ K+
65
Cetirizine Uses
- allergic symptoms - urticaria
66
Cetirizine MOA
2nd gen antihistamines - antagonizes peripheral H1 receptors
67
Cetirizine common rxs
- drowsiness (less than 1st gen) - fatigue - abdominal pain - HA - dry mucous membranes
68
Age limit for Cetirizine
<6yo
69
Cautions with Cetirizine
- CNS depressant - liver & kidney impairment
70
Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Uses
- conjunctivitis - contact lens wearers
71
Docosanol (Abreva) Uses
herpes labialis
72
Max dosage for Docosanol
10 days
73
Latanoprost Ophthalmic Uses
Elevated IOP
74
Latanoprost Ophthalmic MOA
^^ aqueous humor outflow, prostaglandin analogue
75
Latanoprost can cause
change in color of eyes or eyelids & lashes
76
Tetracaine uses
- FB removal - Anesthesia, ophthalmic
77
Ketorolac Ophthalmic Uses
- conjunctivitis, allergic - ocular inflammation, post cataract extraction
78
Ketorolac ophthalmic: common rxns
- burnging/stinging - HA - eye swelling/pain
79
Uses prednisone ophthalmic Uses
uveitis/ocular inflammation
80
Prednisone ophthalmic common rxns
- incr IOP - hypersensitivity - ocular pain - taste is off
81
Pilocarpine Uses
Xerostomia, Sjogren syndrome dry mouth disease
82
Pilocarpine MOA
stimulates muscarinic cholinergic receptors. increases saliva
83
Pilocarpine ophthalmic uses
- open-angle glaucoma - acute angle-closure glaucoma
84
Pilocarpine ophthalmic common rxns
- blurred vision - lacrimation - ocular stinging/burning
85
Triamcinolone nasal uses
allergic rhinitis
86
Triamcinolone nasal common rxns
- epistaxis - pharyngitis - cough - HA
87
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Uses
nasal congestion
88
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) cautions
- pts w/ HTN - avoid in 1st trimester - used to make meth
89
Pseudoephedrine MOA
stimulates smooth muscle alpha adrenergic receptors
90
Promethazine (Phenergan) Uses
- allergic conditions - motion sickness - N/V - sedation - urticaria
91
Promethazine MOA
1st gen antihistamine - antagonizes central & peripheral H1 receptors
92
Promethazine BB warning
Resp depression Gangrene at injection site
93
Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) uses
nasal congestion
94
Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) cautions
avoid in first trimester
95
Ofloxacin (otic) uses
OE, acute bacterial
96
Benzonatate (Tessalon) Uses
Cough
97
Benzonatate cautions
swallow entire capsule. DON'T chew it can numb mouth & cause choking
98
Benzonatate MOA
numbs resp passage, lung, & pleural stretch receptors reducing cough reflex
99
Prolonged O2 therapy > 1hr causes
dry out & irritate mucosal surfaces of the airway & eyes
100
Room air is at what % O2
21%
101
Toxicity level of oxygen
>50% or 60%
102
Salmeterol uses
- asthma, maint - COPD, maint - Bronchospasm, exercise-induced
103
Formoterol uses
- asthma, maint -COPD, maint - exercise-induced bronchospasms
104
Formoterol cautions
No monotherapy
105
Montelukast tx
- asthma maint - allergic rhinitis - bronchospasm, exercise-induced
106
Montelukast MOA
leukotriene receptor antagonist blocks leukotriene inflammatory mediators
107
Montelukast Warnings
can cause serious neuropsychiatric events
108
Pirfenidone Uses
IPF
109
Pirfenidone cautions
CNS, GI, & liver effects
110
Salmeterol Uses
- asthma maint - COPD maint - Bronchospasm, exercise induced
111
Salmeterol cautions
NO monotherapy
112
Budesonide inhalation Uses
- asthma, maint - COPD, exacerbation
113
What is the drug of choice for pregnant women w/ persistent asthma?
budesonide (inhaled)
114
Age range for budesonide use
- >/= 6yo (DPI) - 12mo - 8yo (neb)
115
Fluticasone uses
asthma maint
116
Long term uses of fluticasone can cause
bone loss (osteoporosis)
117
Fluticasone (inhaled) can be used in children as young as?
4yo
118
Budesonide/formoterol Uses
- asthma, maint - COPD, maint
119
Budesonide/formoterol cautions
- can stent bone growth in children/adolescents - not a rescue med
120
Formoterol Uses
- asthma maint - COPD, maint - bronchospasm, exercise-induced
121
Formoterol cautions
NO monotherapy
122
Tiotropium Uses
COPD maint
123
Ipratropium Uses
- COPD, maint - asthma exacerbation, mild-mod
124
Ipratropium & Tiotropium Cautions
- glaucoma, angle closure - prostatic hypertrophy - bladder neck obstruction
125
Ipratropium & tiotropium MOA
anticholinergic agent reverses vagally mediated bronchospasm, but not allergen or exercise-induced bronchospasm
126
Warfarin Uses
- DVT/PE tx
127
How long must you bridge Warfarin and what is the target range?
- 5 days - INR b/t 2-3 (high risk 2.5-3.5)
128
Warfarin safety
Increased risk of bleeding w/ INR >4.0
129
Warfarin MOA
inhibits Vit K-dependent coagulation factor synthesis (II, VII, IX,X, PRO C&S)
130
Do is Cromolyn used for and do we generally use it?
- chronic asthma - exercise-induced asthma - NO
131
Cromolyn MOA
inhibits mast cell degranulation (mast cell stabilizer)
132
What is hypoxia?
low tissue oxygen
133
What is hypoxemia?
low O2 in the blood

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