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pharm Flashcards

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1
Q

6 rights of medications

A
  1. right patient
  2. right drug
  3. right dose
  4. right route
  5. right time
    6.right documentation
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2
Q

nursing intervention for infiltration

A

stop infusion
apply COLD compress
elevate extremity

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3
Q

nursing intervention for extravasation

A

stop infusion
*aspirate if possible? *
apply COLD compress

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4
Q

nursing intervention for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

A

stop infusion
apply HEAT compress

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5
Q

air embolism nursing intervention

A

left lateral trendelenburg position
administer 02

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6
Q

if TPN solution is unavailable administer

A

dextrose 10% in water to prevent hypoglycemia

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7
Q

solution normally used for TPN

A

hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and insulin

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8
Q

for a patient on TPN, serum glucose levels get monitored every

A

4 to 6 hours

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9
Q

acetaminophen antidote

A

acetylcysyteine

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10
Q

antidote for benzo’s
(-pam / -lam )

A

flumazenil

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11
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

methylene blue

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12
Q

digoxin antidote

A

digoxin immune FAB

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13
Q

antidote for ethylene poisoning (antifreeze)

A

fomepizole

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14
Q

heparin/enoxaparin antidote

A

protamine sulfate

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15
Q

iron antidote

A

deferoxamine

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16
Q

antidote for lead

A

succimer

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17
Q

magnesium gluconate antidote

A

calcium gluconate 10%

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18
Q

warfarin antidote

A

Vitamin K

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19
Q

narcotics / opiods antidote

A

narcan / naloxone

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20
Q

normal digoxin levels

A

0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL

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21
Q

magnesium sulfate therapeutic drug range

A

4 to 8 mg/dL

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22
Q

phenytoin therapeutic drug range

A

10 to 20 mcg/mL

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23
Q

suffix ending for antiviral meds

A

-vir (acyclovir)

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24
Q

suffix ending for antifungals

A

-azole (flucanozole)

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25
4 kinds of calcium channel blockers & what do they do
Verapamil Diltiazem Nifedipine Amlodipine slows movement of Ca2+ into cells promoting arterial dilation = reducing BP
26
what are calcium channel blockers used for
HTN & angina
27
calcium channel blockers are contraindicated in
heart failure heart block bradycardia **meds work to reduce BP**
28
3 adverse effects of Verapamil & Nifedipine
*calcium-channel blockers* constipation reflex tachycardia peripheral edema
29
3 teachings / considerations for calcium channel blockers
no grapefruit juice must taper off med IV admin over 2 to 3 min
30
ACE's & ARB's are used for
-pril & -sartans HTN, heart failure, MI, and diabetic nephropathy
31
adv effects of ACE's & ARB's
hypotension hyperkalemia cough (-pril) angioedema
32
4 teachings for captopril
ace inhibitor 1. take 1 hour BEFORE meals 2. acetaminophen over NSAIDS 3. avoid potassium intake 4. report cough
33
intermediate insulin is
NPH insulin
34
short acting insulin is
regular insulin
35
what is myasthenia gravis
muscle weakness of muscles that are under voluntary control *EYEBALLS
36
myasthenia gravis is usually treated with
NEOSTIGMINE -- muscle stregthener
37
neostigmine adverse effects
1. miosis (pupillary constriction) 2. bradycardia 3. urinary urgency 4. increased saliva
38
what drug can reverse anesthesia
neostigmine
39
priority to assess with meperidine
**opioid RESPIRATORY RATE
40
4 signs of phlebitis
1. warmth at insertion site 2. throbbing 3. erythema 4. streak formation
41
glucosamine works to
suppress joint inflammation
42
calcium channel blockers treat...
THE 4 A's - antihypertensives - atrial everything - svt (supra= above = atrial) - angina
43
2 types of alpha andrenergic blockers & what they treat
Prazosin & Doxazosin treats HTN DIxazosin = BPH
44
adverse effects of Prazosin & Doxazosin
*treat HTN dizziness & fainting
45
Teachings for prazosin and doxazosin
1. take @ bedtime (ortho hypo) 2. monitor HR & BP 3. avoid NSAIDs, BB, & diuretics
46
3 types of centrally acting Alpha 2 agonists (heart med)
1. clonidine 2. methyldopa 3 Guanfacine Hcl
47
what do clonidine, methyldopa & Guanfacine Hcl treat
primary HTN hypertensive crisis severe cancer pain
48
adv effects of clonidine, methyldopa & Guanfacine Hcl (heart med)
1. black sore tongue 2. rebound HTN 3. dry mouth 4. leukopenia 5. drowsiness & sedation
49
If taking clonidine, methyldopa & Guanfacine Hcl (heart med) ... priority to report
1. yellow skin 2. rash 3. involuntary jerk movements 4. prolonged dizziness
50
2 teachings for clonidine, methyldopa & Guanfacine Hcl (heart med)...
1. take @ bedtime (hypotension) 2. never skip a dose
51
clonidine, methyldopa & Guanfacine Hcl... can interact w
MAOi's MI DM anticoags
52
betablockers are contraindicated in
asthma/bronchospasms AV blocks bradycardia
53
what do beta blockers treat
HTN angina MI heart failure tachydysrhythmias
54
5 adverse effects of beta blockers
1. bradycardia 2. bronchospasm 3. av block 4. nasal stuffiness 5 rebound excitation
55
main consideration for propanolol
masks hypoglycemia
56
hold the beta blocker if
apical is less than 60
57
4 types of vasodilators
1. nitroglycerin 2. hydralazine 3. nitroprusside 4. enalaprit
58
what do vasodilators do
decrease preload, afterload, and blood pressure * 1. nitroglycerin 2. hydralazine 3. nitroprusside 4. enalaprit
59
main consideration for nitroprusside
cannot be mixed w any other med
60
5 adverse effects of nitroglycerin, hydralazine, & other vasodilators
1. dizziness 2. headache 3. profound hypotension 4. cyanide toxicity 5 thiocyanate poisoning
61
vasodilators are used in
hypertensive emergencies *** nitroprussside hydralazine nitroglycerin enalaprit
62
vasodilators interact w
hepatic/renal disease electrolyte imbalance older adults
63
s/s of digoxin toxicity (3 GI & 5 CNS)
GI = 1. n/v, 2. abdominal pain, 3.anorexia CNS 1. yellow-green white halos 2. diplopia 3. blurred vision 4. fatigue 5. weakness
64
treatment for digoxin toxicity
overdose = digoxine immune fab bradycardia = atropine dysrhythmias = lidocaine/phenytoin
65
what does digoxin do & its therapeutic use
it slows conduction rte for increased ventricular filling -- increasing CO & stroke volume therapuetic use = heart failure & afib
66
main consideration for digoxin
monitor apical pulse for 1 min before admin apical must be > 60
67
4 adverse effects of nitroglycerin
headache reflex tachycardia orthostatic hypotension tolerance
68
5 teachings for nitroglycerin sublingual
1. 3 tabs w 5 min apart (call 911 on 2nd) 2. keep in dark container 3. wear ID band 4. can be used prophylactically 5 to 10 min before exercise 5. replace tabs every 6 mo
69
4 teaching for nitroglycerin topical
1. area w/o hair = chest, flank, upper arm 2. wear gloves 3. no massaging or rubbbing 4. cover w plastic wrap or tape
70
4 teaching for nitroglycerin transdermal patch
1. rotate sites - upper chest/side, pelvis, inner/upper arm 2. hairless skin area 3. wear 12-14 hrs but remove 12 hrs 4. effect in 30 to 60 min
71
3 contraindications for nitroglycerin
1. head injury 2. erectile dysfunction meds 3. antihypertensives
72
what does adenosine do
coverts SVT to NSR *rapid IV push 1- 2 sec
73
adverse effects of adenosine
prolonged asystole bronchospasm flushing nausea
74
amiodarone treats
v- tach & v-fib *prolongs repolarization (relaxation of the heart)
75
adverse effects of amiodarone
bradycardia cardiogenic shock pulmonary disorders
76
amiodarone is incompatible with
heparin
77
what does atropine do
increase HR reduces secretions
78
what does atropine treat
bradycardia myasthenia gravis
79
6 things to monitor for w atropine
1. pupil dilation 2. blurred vision 3. dry mouth 4. urinary retention 5. photophobia 6. constipation
80
atropine eye drops expected effects
pupil dilation blurred vision *used for eye exams
81
4 adverse effects of statins
1. hepatotoxicity 2. rhabdomyolosis 3. muscle aches 4. peripheral neuropathy
82
what do antilipemic meds do
**statins ** lower LDL raise HDL
83
4 techings for statins
1. take in evening (that when cholesterol synthesis occurs) 2. no grapefruit juice 3. decrease fat & increase fiber 4. muscle aches are bad!
84
ezetimibe
antilipemic (w statin family) used in combo w statins taken 2 hrs b4 or 4 hrs after
85
albuterol
SHORT acting w 5 to 15 min onset used FIRST in asthma attack for acute bronchospasm
86
5 meds for long term asthma control
1. salemetrol/formoterol 2. terbutaline 3.aminophylline/theophylline 4. glucocorticoids 5. leukotrienes (montelukast)
87
3 adverse effects of albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, & terbutaline
tachycardia palpitations tremors
88
terbutaline
provides long term control of asthma
89
contraindications for albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, & terbutaline
tachydysrhythmias
90
salemeterol & formoterol
inhaled long acting long term control of asthma
91
conditions that should use caution w albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, & terbutaline
DM & the tachy causers: HTN heart disease angina hypperthyroidism
92
albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, & terbutaline interact with
beta blocker - increases their effects MAOi's - deecreases effects
93
Aminophylline & theophylline work to
promote bronchodilation used for long term asthma control treats bronchospasms
94
5 adverse effects of Aminophylline & theophylline
1. tachycardia 2. tachypnea 3. restlessness 4. irritability 5. seizures ** treats asthma
95
Aminophylline & theophylline are contraindicateed in
peptic ulcer disease **treats asthma/bronchospasm
96
patient teaching to avoid w Aminophylline & theophylline
caffeine alcohol smoking (decreases effects) ***promotes ronchodilation -- asthma
97
3 things to give w Aminophylline & theophylline toxicity
1. activated charcoal - decreases absorption 2. lidocaine = dysrhythmias 3. benzo = seizures ***promotes ronchodilation -- asthma
98
ipratropium & Tiotropium treat (3)
exercise induced asthma COPD prevents bronchospasm
99
ipratropium & Tiotropium adverse effects
dry mouth dry eyes urinary retention
100
ipratropium & Tiotropium is contraindicated in (3)
peanut allergy narrow angle glaucoma BPH
101
teaching for ipratropium & Tiotropium (3)
max effects in 2 wks shake before use wait 5 min between for other meds
102
what do glucocorticoids do
supress airway mucus production, immune response, & adrenal function - sones
103
long term use of glucocorticoids
prophylaxis of asthma (used AFTER albuterol) ** - sone's
104
7 adverse effects of glucocorticoids
1. hyperglycemia 2. peptic ulcer 3. bone loss 4. fluid retention 5. insomnia 6. increased appetite 7. psychotic behavior ** - sone's
105
3 teachings for glucocorticoids
** - sone's 1. take w food 2. no nsaids (causes ulcers) 3. rinse mouth - oral candidasis
106
3 kinds of leukotrienes & what they do
1. montelukast 2. zafirlukast 3. Zileuton * decreases inflammation, airway edema, & mucus production
107
what does montelukast do
prevents exercise induced bronchospasm & treats long term asthma
108
montelukast interacts w
beta blocker (propanolol) phenobarbitol
109
teaching for montelukast
take daily in the evening oral granules directly in mouth or w cold food
110
hydrocodone & codeine work to
supress cough
111
gauifensesin works to
increase mucus production leading to increase coughing
112
acetylcysteine & hypertonic saline work to
enhance flow of secretions
113
acetylcysteine & hypertonic saline treat
cysstic fibrosis chronic pulmonary disorders
114
acetylcysteine & hypertonic saline & guaifenesin -- adverse effects
drowsy dizzy constipation
115
interventions for acetylcysteine & hypertonic saline & guaifenesin
auscultate lungs increase fluids
116
3 kinds of decongestants
phenylephrine pseudoephedrine naphazoline
117
phenylephrine pseudoephedrine naphazoline work to
decrease inflammation of nasal membrane
118
phenylephrine pseudoephedrine naphazoline are contraindicated in
closed angle glaucoma htn dysrhythmias coronary artery disease **decongestants*
119
3 adverse effects of phenylephrine pseudoephedrine naphazoline
** decongestants 1. dry mouth 2. restlessness 3. insomnia
120
2 considerations for phenylephrine pseudoephedrine naphazoline
**decongestants 1. SHORT TERM ONLY 2 used less than 7 days
121
2 types of antihistamines.
1. diphenhydramine 2. loratidine
122
diphenhydramine & loratidine are contraindicated in (4)
HTN PUD gluacoma urinary retention *antihistamine
123
teaching for diphenhydramine & loratidine
monitor for hypokalemia take @ night monitor BP
124
diphenhydramine & loratidine adverse effects
1. DRIES EVERYTHING 2. drowsiness
125

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