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Flashcards in Pharm 2 Deck (18)
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1
Q

Loading dose (priming dose)

A

given to rapidly establish a therapeutic plasma drug concentration; generally administered as a single dose, but can be divided into fractions given over several hours

2
Q

Maintenance dose:

A

given to establish or maintain the desire stead-state plasma drug concentration; given intermittently at regular intervals

3
Q

Volume of distribution

A

the volume of fluid in which a dose of a drug would need to be dissolved to have the same concentration as it does in plasma; an apparent volume that represents the relationship between the dose of a drug and the resulting plasma concentration dose

4
Q

Clearance

A

the volume of body fluid (blood) from which a drug is removed per unit of time; constant and important to the biotransformation and biliary excretion of parent compounds

5
Q

Elimination half-life (t1/2)

A

the time required to reduce the plasma drug concentration by 50%

6
Q

ED50

A

effective dose in 50% of the population

7
Q

TD50

A

toxic dose in 50% of the population

8
Q

LD50

A

lethal dose in 50% of the population

9
Q

Absorption

A

the movement of drug into the blood stream, with the rate dependent on the physical characteristics of the drug and its formulation levels

10
Q

Distribution

A

the process of a drug leaving the bloodstream and going into the organs and tissues

11
Q

Metabolism

A

process of changing a drug into one or more of its metabolites in preparation for elimination

12
Q

Elimination

A

removal of a drug from the blood through two processes, biotransformation (metabolism) of a drug to one or more metabolites primarily by the liver and excretion of the parent drug or it’s metabolites by the kidneys

13
Q

Steady-state

A

when a drug that exhibits first-order pharmacokinetics is administered to a patient continuously or intermittently the drug will accumulate until it reaches a plateau

14
Q

Therapeutic window

A

the ratio between the dose that is lethal in 1% of subjects and the dose that produces a therapeutic effect in 99% of subjects

15
Q

Therapeutic index

A

: the ratio between the median lethal dose and the effective dose

16
Q

Cmax

A

maximum level of plasma drug concentration

17
Q

Tmax

A

time it takes to reach Cmax

18
Q

Duration of action/duration of effective concentration

A

the amount of time there is a high enough drug concentration to produce an effect