Pharm 2 Exam 3 Flashcards

(84 cards)

1
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Indication: Allergic RXN(Urticaria and Rhinitis), Motion sickness, Sleep Aid, and local Anesthetic
Contraindications:
MOA: Selective for H1, Antagonist
Adverse: Sedation, Anti-M effects, Excitation and convulsions in children, and orthostatic hypotension
Notes: PO, Penetrates CNS, and metabolized by Liver

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2
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Indication: Allergic RXN(Urticaria and Rhinitis), Motion sickness, Sleep Aid, and local Anesthetics.
MOA: Selective for H1 Antagonist
Adverse: Multiple metabolites, terfenadine can cause arrhythmias
Notes: Oral

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3
Q

Loratidine

A

Indication: Allergic RXN(Urticaria and Rhinitis), Motion sickness, Sleep Aid, and local Anesthetics.
MOA: Selective for H1 Antagonist
Adverse: Multiple metabolites, Decloratdaine
Notes: Oral

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4
Q

Ergotamine

A

Indication: Migraines and Postpartum hemorrhage
Contraindications:
MOA: Unclear but possible vasoconstriction
Adverse: NVD, and Vasospasm could lead to Gangrene and Amputation
Notes: last resort of postpartum

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5
Q

Bradykinin

A

Indication: Vasodilator Peptides
Contraindications:
MOA: B1 and B2 are Gq and Gs and B2 is the most responsive and metabolized by ACE
Adverse: Stimulate pain, hypotension, and inflammation
Notes: Direct and indirect effects(NO and PGI)

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6
Q

Dihydroergotamine

A

Indication: Abortive Migraine TX
Contraindications: Pregnant Women, and not for patients with PVD
MOA: Agonist for 5TH1 Receptor leads to constricted arteries
Adverse:
Notes: Most effective w/ an acute attack, used with sedative and anti-anxiety, and antiemetics

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7
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Indication: Abortive migraine, direct vasoconstrictor effect(NOT ANALGESIC)
Contraindications: PVD, CAD, DM, and Prego
MOA: Highly selective agonist for 5HT1D in the Intracranial vessels
Adverse:
Notes: Can combine with an analgesic for pain, ASA, APAP, Ibuprofen

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8
Q

Verapamil

A

Indication: Cluster HA
Contraindications:
MOA: CCB
Adverse:
Notes:

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9
Q

Litium

A

Indication: Cluster HA
Contraindications:
MOA:
Adverse:
Notes: Can Also tx bipolar

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10
Q

Indomethacin

A

Indication: Reduces Pain and inflammation
Contraindications:
MOA: COX inhibitor
Adverse: GI issues
Notes: Not a great COX inhibitor, worst do not use

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11
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Indication:
Contraindications: a
MOA: a
Adverse: a
Notes: Best Side effect profile

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12
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Indication: Pain
Contraindications:
MOA: Reversible Cox2 inhibitor
Adverse:
Notes: Not for anti-inflammatory, hepatotoxic w/ ETOH

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

Indication: Good anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and best for anti-platelet
Contraindications:
MOA: Irreversible COX1 and 2 inhibitors
Adverse:
Notes:

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14
Q

Celecoxib

A

Indication: Reversible COX-2 Inhibitor
Contraindications:
MOA: COX-1 helps with GI protection(TXA2 synth in PLTs) and COX-2 helps with prostacyclin synth
Adverse: GI isses main
Notes:

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15
Q

Colchicine

A

Indication: Used for Acute gout attack and prophylaxis
Contraindications:
MOA: Inhibits microtubule fxn which prevents migration and phagocytosis. Inhibits Leukotriene B4 synth
Adverse: NVD abd ABD pain
Notes:

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16
Q

Probenecid

A

Indication: Gout
Contraindications: a
MOA: Block active re-absorption of filtered urate in kidney. Hydrate to prevent formation of kidney stones & alkalinize urine
Adverse: Can aggravate acute gouty attack. Can cause GI irritation
Notes:

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17
Q

Sulfinpyrazone

A

Indication: Gout
Contraindications: a
MOA: Block active re-absorption of filtered urate in kidney. Hydrate to prevent formation of kidney stones & alkalinize urine
Adverse: Can aggravate acute gouty attack. Can cause GI irritation
Notes:

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18
Q

Allopurinol

A

Indication: Gout
Contraindications:
MOA: Inhibits urate synthesis by blocking xanthine oxidase
Adverse: a- GI irritation,Vasculitis, Bone marrow depression, Hypersensitivity reactions
Can precipitate acute gouty attack
Notes:

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19
Q

Rarburicase

A

Indication: Useful as adjunct during cancer chemotherapy , gout
Contraindications: a
MOA: Converts urate to allantoin
Adverse: Hypersensitivity and GI
Notes:

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20
Q

Fluticasone

A

Indication: Immunosuppression, Inflammatory states. RA, reduced pain, restorative for Asthma, Dermatological conditions and some CA
Contraindications:
MOA: Sympathetic stimulation,
Adverse: Susceptible to infections(immunosuppressed, Hyperglycemia(Endo), Osteoporosis, CNS: HTN, Stress
Notes:

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21
Q

Prednisone

A

Indication: Immunosuppression, Inflammatory states. RA, reduced pain, restorative for Asthma, Dermatological conditions and some CA
Contraindications:
MOA: Sympathetic stimulation,
Adverse: Susceptible to infections(immunosuppressed, Hyperglycemia(Endo), Osteoporosis, CNS: HTN, Stress
Notes: Oral for Servere asthma

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22
Q

Zileuton

A

Indication: Asthma
Contraindications:
MOA: Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase
Adverse: URI, Sore throat, HA, Sleepiness, psych symptoms
Notes: Decrease ASA sensitivity

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23
Q

Montelukast

A

Indication: Asthma
Contraindications:
MOA: Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Adverse: URI, Sore throat, HA, Sleepiness, psych symptoms
Notes: Decrease ASA sensitivity

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24
Q

Omalizumab

A

Indication: Moderate to severe ALLERGIC asthma
Contraindications:
MOA: Antibody for I-gE
Adverse: Rash, Injection site run, small decrease in plts
Notes:

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25
Codeine
***Indication***: Cough suppressant ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: inhibits the cough center in the dorsal medulla w/o causing euphoria or analgesia ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Centrally acting, systemic
26
Dextromethrophan
***Indication***: Cough suppressant ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: inhibits the cough center in the dorsal medulla w/o causing euphoria or analgesia ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Centrally acting, systemic
27
Albuterol
***Indication***: Asthma, COPD, emphysema ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Selective B2 agonist which last 4-6 hours and works immediately. Induces brochodiliation ***Adverse***: Tachycardia, nervousness, Tremor, Tolerance, and Increased sympathetic side effects ***Notes***: Do not affect the heart only the lungs
28
Salmeterol
***Indication***: Prevention and prophylaxis ***Contraindications***: Black-Box warning ***MOA***: Long acting B2 agonist, decreased nocturnal asthma, effects take 20-30 min to start, but can be used for short term ***Adverse***: Tachycardia, agitation, tolerance, SNS mimicry ***Notes***: Has to be taken in COMBINATION with steroid
29
Salmeterol/fluticasone
***Indication***: Prevention and prophylaxis ***Contraindications***: Black-Box warning ***MOA***: Long acting B2 agonist, decreased nocturnal asthma, effects take 20-30 min to start, but can be used for short term ***Adverse***: Tachycardia, agitation, tolerance, SNS mimicry ***Notes***: Has to be taken in COMBINATION with steroid i.e the fluticasone
30
Ipatropium
***Indication***: COPD #1 DOC and for pts who are intolerant to B2 agonist ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Muscarinic antagonist prevents the binding of AcH so no contraction ***Adverse***: Dry Mouth ***Notes***: aInhaled, poorly abs, few systemic and often combo w/ albuterol
31
Diphenhydramine
***Indication***: Allergic rxn urticaria and rhinitis, motion sickness, sleep aid(Adult>Child) local anesthetic(more potent than procaine) ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Selective H1 antagonist and significant antiallergic activity ***Adverse***: Sedation, anti-muscarinic effects, excitation/convulsions and orthostatic hypotension ***Notes***: Oral medication, penetrates the CNS, metabolized by the liver
32
Fexofenadine
***Indication***: Allergy type symptom congestion, hives, itching, sneezing ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: H1 antagonist w ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Does not penetrate the CNS(no sedation) i
33
Guaifenesin
***Indication***: Treatment for which URT secretion, or dry nonproductive cough ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Clearing mucus from eh lungs, reduces adhesiveness of lung secretion and facilitates expectoration and reduces frequency of coughing ***Adverse***: ***Notes***:
34
Cimetidine
***Indication***: Ulcers, Dyspepsia, GERD ***Contraindications***: Forms couples w/ theophylline, ketoconzole, quinolone(ABX) and tetracycline(ABX) ***MOA***: Decreased GI Acid formation by blocking H2 receptor blockade in the parietal cells. Inhibits basal, nocturnal, and meal-stimulated acid secretions. ***Adverse***: Men can develop gynomastia ***Notes***: An anti-androgenic, INHIBITS the CYP450 metabolism
35
Omeprazole
***Indication***: GERD and Ulcers ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Irreversible block acid formation in the parietal cell, taken once a day on empty stomach ***Adverse***: Few side effects, can decreased Ca2+ abs can lead to osteoporosis, increased risk for PNA ***Notes***: a
36
Magnesium/Aluminium Hydroxyde
***Indication***: Heart burn ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: Neutralize acid by directly binding to HCl with Al,Mg,Ca, and HCO3 ***Adverse***: Al/Mg combo cancel each others effects on GI motility ***Notes***: CANDY OTC
37
Calcium carbonate
***Indication***: Heart burn ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: Neutralize acid by directly binding to HCl with Al,Mg,Ca, and HCO3 ***Adverse***: Al/Mg combo cancel each others effects on GI motility ***Notes***: CANDY OTC
38
Metoclopramide
***Indication***: Reduced gastroesophageal reflux, Antiemetic ***Contraindications***: NO PREGO ***MOA***: D2 Antagonist, increased AcH releases allowing Muscarine receptor to be activated ***Adverse***: GI Cramping and diarrhea ***Notes***: High doses acts as a Parkinson’s drug
39
Amitrytyline
***Indication***: IBS Abd pain and discomfort, bloating/gas, constipation or diarrhea. ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Muscarinic antagonist ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Can be used from chronic pain too
40
Hydrocortisone(GI)
***Indication***: IBS ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: Inhibits the production of CK and other proteins ***Adverse***: Induces remission of IBD but not maintains remission ***Notes***: Rectal
41
Inflixmab
***Indication***: IBD ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: ABY for TNFa ***Adverse***: a ***Notes***: Useful for maintaining remission
42
Biscodyl
***Indication***: Increase GI motility ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Prevent the reads of H2O and enhances secretions of water and electrolytes ***Adverse***: a ***Notes***: a
43
Polyethylene
***Indication***: Increase GI motility ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Intense action speeds water through the GI tracts, needs to be taken with water ***Adverse***: a ***Notes***: Colonoscopy
44
Psyllium
***Indication***: Increase GI motility ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***:Dietary fiber ***Adverse***: a ***Notes***: Effects are mild
45
Docusate
***Indication***: Increase GI motility ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***:Increases build soften and lubricate stool slightly ***Adverse***: a ***Notes***: a
46
Naloxegol
***Indication***: constipation, peripheral only ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Opioid induced constipation
47
Loperamide
***Indication***: Diarrhea ***Contraindications***: Not for patients with bloody diarrhea, ***MOA***: Inhibts recreations and decreases GI motility ***Adverse***: IBS, Inflammation, infection, malabsorption, thyroxicosis, and medications ***Notes***: Does not enter the CNS low abuse potential OTC
48
Ondansetron
***Indication***: NV(chemo, radiation and post op) NOT good for motion sickness ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: 5Ht3 antagonist ***Adverse***: Min side effects but has HA, constipation and dizziness ***Notes***:
49
Prochlorperazine
***Indication***: Post op, gastroenteritis, chemo induced NV ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Blocks DA, Muscarine and histamine receptors ***Adverse***: Highly sedative ***Notes***:
50
Scopolamine
***Indication***: Motion sickness ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Blocks M1 receptor in the vestibular system ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Antagonist
51
Dimenhydrinate
***Indication***: Motion sickness ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Blocks H1 receptors and M1 receptors in the vestibular tract ***Adverse***: ***Notes***:
52
Levothryroxine
***Indication***: Hypothyroidism can help prevent goiter ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Sodium salt of T4 helps produced nil levels of T3 and T4 ***Adverse***: Hyperthyroidism, need to decrease medication for a few days and resume at lower dose, ***Notes***: DOC, Drug is titrated, keep TSH at nil range, long half-life, takes 4-6 weeks for steady state
53
Methimazole
***Indication***: Graves Dz, Antibody to TSH receptors(constantly on, no neg feedback) ***Contraindications***: PREGO(only low doses) ***MOA***: Decreases synth of T3 ***Adverse***: Itching, Granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis, goiter ***Notes***: Need to use in conjunction w/ Blocker to reduce Thyroid storm,
54
Potassium Iodide
***Indication***: Radioactive emergencies ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Rapidly decrease synth and release of T4 and T3 ***Adverse***: a ***Notes***: Used 7-10 days prior to sx to decrease thyroid storm,
55
Propranolol(thyroid)
***Indication***: IN conjunction w/ Methimazole, only to tx symptoms not hyperthyroidism ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Blocks sympathetic activation to help reduce symptoms ***Adverse***: ***Notes***:
56
Hydrocortisone
***Indication***: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation. ***Adverse***: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia ***Notes***:
57
Cortisone
***Indication***: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation. ***Adverse***: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia ***Notes***:
58
Prednisone
***Indication***: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation. ***Adverse***: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia ***Notes***: ORAL can cause side effects w/ chronic use.
59
Predinisolone
***Indication***: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation. ***Adverse***: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia ***Notes***:
60
Dexamethasone
***Indication***: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation. ***Adverse***: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia ***Notes***:
61
Ethinyl Estrodiol
***Indication***: Contraception ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Nuclear receptor conjugated by the liver, and excreted in the bile ***Adverse***: blood clotting b/c increases synthesis of clotting proteins & increase platelet adhesiveness, weight gain, nausea, edema, migraine, depression, & other cardiovascular side effects ***Notes***: Needs to be taken with progestin combo, enterohepatic circulation reverses conjugation so increased bioavailability
62
Medroxyprogesterone
***Indication***: Contraception inhibits ovulation by preventing LH surge changes cerival Lucas and endometrium, progestin imitates bleeding at end of the cycle. ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Nuclear receptor conjugated by the liver, and excreted in the bile ***Adverse***: blood clotting b/c increases synthesis of clotting proteins & increase platelet adhesiveness, weight gain, nausea, edema, migraine, depression, & other cardiovascular side effects ***Notes***: Needs to be taken with progestin combo, enterohepatic circulation reverses conjugation so increased bioavailability
63
Tamoxifen
***Indication***: Breast CA ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Antagonist of estrogen in the breast and agonist in the bone and uterus ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Use for premenopausal women and prophylactically
64
Anastrozole
***Indication***: Breast CA in Postmenopausal ***Contraindications***: Premenopausal women except those intolerant to tamoxifen ***MOA***: Aromatase Inhibitor(Last enzyme in estrogen synth) ***Adverse***: Menopausal side effects ***Notes***:
65
Finasteride
***Indication***: BPH and Male patterned baldness ***Contraindications***: Men unable to donate blood ***MOA***: Inhibits the conversion of testosterone to DTH ***Adverse***: terterogenic women can not take. ***Notes***: a
66
Insulin Lispro
***Indication***: Diabetes, IV Drug or pump ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Rapid acting ***Adverse***: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity ***Notes***: Very short peak, often lasts 5 hours max. Often used with long-lasting insulin & take an hour before the meal to prevent hyperglycemia
67
Regular Insulin
***Indication***: Diabetes ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: Short Action ***Adverse***: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity ***Notes***: Very short peak, often lasts 5 hours max. Often used with long-lasting insulin & take an hour before the meal to prevent hyperglycemia
68
NPH Insulin
***Indication***: Diabetes ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: Intermediate Acting, natural phosphate buffer ***Adverse***: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity ***Notes***: Used 12 hours throughout day, you must supplement a regular insulin an hour before breakfast & dinner. ** you will have a slight peak at lunch time, and you MUST take bedtime snack to limit the peak at night
69
Insulin Glarrgine
***Indication***: Diabetes ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: Long lasting, pH of 4.0 so precipitates in the body to increase duration ***Adverse***: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity ***Notes***: Base-line blood sugar levels in the patient & for mealtimes you will supplement rapid-acting to prevent hyperglycemia in-between meals
70
Inhaled Insulin
***Indication***: Diabetes, IV drug ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: Rapid ***Adverse***: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity ***Notes***: a
71
Metformin
***Indication***: DOC for Type 2 DM ***Contraindications***: Renal Insufficiency ***MOA***: Decreased hepatic glucose output, decreased glucose levels(no hyperglycemia ***Adverse***: Diarrhea and Nausea ***Notes***: Reduced LDL and VLDL and no weight gain, decreased macrovasular events
72
Exenatide
***Indication***: Increase insulin ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Synthetic version of GLP analog which is resistant to DPP-4(no degradation) ***Adverse***: Pancreatitis, weight loss(slows gastric emptying) ***Notes***: Inhibits glucagon and is injectable
73
Sitagliptin
***Indication***: Increased the effect of endogenous incretin hormone ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: DPP-4 inhibitor(no incretin degradation) ***Adverse***: Pancreatitis ***Notes***: More endogenous
74
Canagliflozin
***Indication***: SGLT2 inhibitors ***Contraindications***: Increased UTI for females ***MOA***: Inhibits the Na/Glucose co-transport in the kidney ***Adverse***: Weight loss, decrease BP so can be good for CV ***Notes***: Osmotic diuresis can lead to orthostatic hypotension
75
Glyburide
***Indication***: Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release and reduces glycogen so increased insulin effect ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Blocks K+ channel so leads to depolarization and increase in Ca2+ uptake leads to increased exocytosis ***Adverse***: Hypoglycemia and weight gain(increased insulin) ***Notes***: a
76
Pioglitazone
***Indication***: Lowers insulin resistance ***Contraindications***: CHF dude to increased edema ***MOA***: PPAR-A receptor increased glucose transporters ***Adverse***: Edema ***Notes***:
77
Acarbose
***Indication***: Decreased abs of starch and discaarrides from intestine ***Contraindications***: a ***MOA***: inhibits a-glucoside enzymes ***Adverse***: Cramping, diarrhea, and flatulence ***Notes***: Dietary aid
78
Calcium
***Indication***: Osteoporosis ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Exogenous source for calcium ***Adverse***: Not all Ca2+ is prepared the same ***Notes***: Can not tx osteoporosis alone needs to be combo Thearpy. Vit D most adequate
79
Vitamin D
***Indication***: Osteoporosis ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: Exogenous source for calcium ***Adverse***: Not all Ca2+ is prepared the same ***Notes***: Can not tx osteoporosis alone needs to be combo Thearpy. Vit D most adequate
80
Calcitonin
***Indication***: Osteoporosis, increased bone density and decreased risk for osteoporotic fx ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: ***Adverse***: Allergic rxn, nasal rhinitis(nasal spray) NV(injection) ***Notes***: No the 1st line drug
81
Teriparatide
***Indication***: Osteoporosis ***Contraindications***: Osteosarcoma(Blackbox warning) ***MOA***: Recombinate PTH, simulates resorption and new bone formation ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Needs to be intermittent IM, action dimities w/ time uses anti-resorptive agent after 18-24 months
82
Denosumab
***Indication***: ***Contraindications***: Hypocalcemia, prego(teratogenic) ***MOA***: ABY against RANKL(RANKL is needed to form mature Osteoclast) ***Adverse***: Hypocalcemia ***Notes***: Once ever 6 months
83
Alendronte
***Indication***: First line Osteoporosis medication ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: PCP bonding analogs of pyrophosphate incorporates into bone, but once there no going back ***Adverse***: ***Notes***: Inhibits osteoclast activity and bone resorption can be daily
84
Zoledronic acid
***Indication***: Osteoporosis ***Contraindications***: ***MOA***: IV injection, ***Adverse***: Decreased esophageal irritation to stand up, GERD, NV, osteonecrosis of the jaw ***Notes***: Can be given yearly