pharm 201 E3 Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Neostigmine Tx/class
A
MG/Cholinesterase Inhibitor
2
Q
Neostigmine AE
A
Excessive muscarinic (cholinergic) stimulation, neuromuscular blockade
3
Q
Neostigmine Contra
A
Obstruction of GI and urinary tracts, PUD, asthma
4
Q
Neostigmine Nsg
A
Give atropine for toxicity, prepare to maintain airway
5
Q
Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin MOA/TX
A
Inhibit DNA replication, Bactericidal/UTI’s
6
Q
Cipor/Levofloxacin AE
A
*tendon rupture, *phototoxicity, GI effects
7
Q
Cipro/Levofloxacin Nsg
A
Urine sample must be acquired before beginning tx.
8
Q
Cipro/Levofloxacin Contra
A
Younger than 18, risk for C-Diff
9
Q
Nitrofurantoin MOA/Tx
A
Damages bacterial DNA/Acute UTI
10
Q
Nitrofurantoin AE
A
*Pneumonia, *anemiams, * birth defects
11
Q
Nitrofurantoin Contra
A
renal dysfxn, and Creatinine
12
Q
Nitrofurantoin Nsg
A
Give w/ milk or meals to decrease N/V/D, give in allergy to sulfa drugs
13
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole MOA/Tx
A
inhibits bacterial growth by preventinc folic acid synthesis/UTIs
14
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol AE
A
*rash (could lead to anaphylaxis), N/V
15
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Contra
A
caution in folic acid deficiency
16
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Nsg
A
may need folic acid replacement, can mes up WBC count
17
Q
Pyridium Tx
A
Urinary tract analgesic
18
Q
Pyridium Contra
A
acute kidney injury, CKD
19
Q
Pyridium Nsg
A
turns urine orange/red, urine may stain clothes, d/c drug if s/s of jaundice
20
Q
Pyridium AE
A
may be harmful to liver
21
Q
Sildenafil MOA/Tx
A
Selective inhibition of PDE5/ED
22
Q
Sildenafil AE
A
hypoTN, priapism, HA, flushing dyspepsia
23
Q
Sildenafil Contra
A
*Nitrates, or anything that lowers BP (D-D)
24
Q
Sildenafil Nsg
A
PO, can be taken daily or prior to sex
25
Tadalafil MOA/Tx
selective inhibition of PDE5/ED
26
Tadalafil AE
*HA, hepatotoxicity
27
Tadalafil Contra
Nitro and BP meds (D-D)
28
Tadalafil NSG
Not affected by meals, slower acting
29
Finasteride MOA/Tx
decreases usable testosterone, causes reduction in prostate size/BPH, male patter bladness
30
Finasteride AE
decreased ejaculation volume and libido, gynecomastia
31
Finasteride Contra
preganancy, (women wear gloves when in contact w/ med)
32
Finasteride Nsg
Therapeutic effects may take 6 mo or longer, do not donate blood.
33
Tamsulosin MOA/Tx
relaxes smooth muscle/HTN, BPH
34
Tamsulosin AE
Abnormal ejaculation
35
Tamsulosin Contra
Women, caution in renal impairment
36
Tamsulosin Nsg
monitor BP, take 30 min after meal and at same time every day.
37
Alprostadil MOA/Tx
increases arterial flow into penis and decreases venous outflow/ED
38
Alprostadil AE
burning sensation, priapism, penile fibrosis
39
Alprostadil Nsg
pellets injected directly into penis, no more than 1/24hrs or 3x/week, lasts 30-60 min.
40
Doxazosin MOA/Tx
Relaxes smooth muscle/HTN, BPH
41
Doxazosin AE
HypoTN, fainting, dizziness, somnolence, nasal congestion
42
Doxazosin Cotnra
Women, caution in renal impairment
43
Doxazosin Nsg
Take same time everyday, monitor BP
44
Donepezil MOA/Tx
prevents breakdown of ACTH to increase availability at synapses/Alzheimer's
45
Donepezil AE
*Cardiovascular effects, Gi effects, bronchoconstriction
46
Donepezil Cotra
Obstruction of GI and renal, caution in seizure disorders
47
Donepezil Nsg
High risk of liver failure, start dose low, once daily in evening
48
Baclofen MOA/Tx
Suppresses hyperactive reflexes in muscle movement/MS
49
Baclofen AE
*CNS effects, OD can cause coma and resp. depression, rhabdomyolysis
50
Baclofen Nsg
avoid other CNS depressants, do not skip dose, does NOT cause physical dependence, taper for 1-2 wks
51
Edrophonium MOA/Tx
Rapid-acting cholinergic, inhibits acetylcholinesterase/MG
52
Edrophonium AE
bradyarrhythmia, hypoTN, urinary frequency
53
Edrophonium Contra
mechanical GI/Urinary obstruction, hypersensitivity
54
Edrophonium Nsg
Admin meds as scheduled (*before activity), report s/s cholinergic crisis,
55
Ergotamine MOA/Tx
Abortive therapy/migraine
56
Ergotamine AE
N/V, myalgia, OD
57
Ergotamine Contra
Impaired hepatic and renal fxn, CAD, PVD, pregnancy
58
Ergotamine Nsg
monitor BP, pulse, asses for OD, assess HA before and after admin
59
Ergotism
Ergotmaine toxicity, ischemia 2nd to constriction of peripheral arteries and arterioles, can cause muscle pain and gangrene
60
Mitoxantrone MOA/Tx
Suppresses production of immune system cells/MS
61
Mitoxantrone AE
*hair loss (dose-related), myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity
62
Mitoxantrone Cotnra
hypersensitivity, pregnancy, liver failure
63
Mitoxantrone Nsg
*monitor for s/s of HF, *can cause blueish-green secretions
64
Levodopa/Carbidopa MOA/Tx
carbidopa enhances effects of levodopa/PD
65
Levodopa/Carbidopa AE
*N/V, dyskinesias, CV effects, psychosis
66
Levodopa/Carbidopa Contra
Undiagnosed skin lesions (worsens melanoma)
67
Levodopa/Carbidopa Nsg
*Combo gives Levo a longer half-life so that 10% makes it to the brain instead of 2%, take w/ food to avoid N/V (empty stomach if possible
68
Sumatriptan MOA/Tx
Causes vasoconstriction and diminishes inflammation/Migraine
69
Sumatriptan AE
*HTN, *Coronary vasospasm, chest symptoms (usually resolve quickly, can feel med working)
70
Sumatriptan Nsg
works w/in 10-15 min, take at 1st sign of HA
71
Dantrolene MOA/Tx
*acts directly on skeletal muscle/spasticity
72
Dantrolene AE
*Hepatic toxicxity, OD can cause resp. depression and mech. vent.,
73
Dantrolene Nsg
*DOC for malignant hypothermia, does not cause physical dependance, taper off drug
74
Memantine MOA/Tx
Blocks Ca when glutamate is low/AD
75
Memantine AE
dissiness, HA, confusion (sudden onset), constipation
76
Selegiline MOA/Tx
Causes selective reuptake/PD
77
Selegiline AE
Insomnia (do not take if pt already has), HTN crisis
78
Selegiline Nsg
May not take effect for several weeks, may need to take med "holiday", avoid high protein meals/snacks.
79
Alosetron MOA/Tx
Increases firmness of stool and decreases urgency and frequency/IBS
80
Alosetron AE
constipation, bowel obstruction, perforation, ischemic colitis
81
Alostron Nsg
symptoms will resolve in 1-4 wks, adnd will return 1 wk after d/c of drug, dose starts QID
82
Azathioprine MOA/Tx
Inhibits T-lymphocytes/IBD
83
Azathioprine AE
pancreatitis, neutropenia (2nd to bone marrow secretion)
84
Azathioprine Nsg
oral prep very toxic, reserved for last chance pts
85
Metronidazole MOA/Tx
bactericidal/PUD (H. Pylori)
86
Metronidazole AE
metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy
87
Metronidazole Nsg
N/D are common, take full 14 days
88
Misoprostol MOA/Tx
Suppress gastric acid secretion, maintain blood flow/Prevents gastric ulcers
89
Misoprostol AE
spontaneous absorption, abd pain (reduce dose), dysmenorrhea, D,
90
Misoprostol Nsg
Take w/ meals and at HS, used to prevent ulcers in pts on long-term NSAIDs
91
Promethazine MOA/Tx
Blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ/PUD
92
Promethazine AE
HypoTN, sedation, anticholinergic effects, spasms of face and neck
93
Promethazine Nsg
w/ chemo pts: combining 3 antiemetics adn admin prior to chemo is more effective than treating N that is already occuring.
94
Metoclopramide MOA/Tx
Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors in CTZ/Antiemetic
95
Metoclopramide AE
Extrapyramidal symptoms (restlessness, anxiety, spasms of face and neck), sedation, D
96
Metoclopramide Nsg
ETOH increases risk of seizure, keep hydrated, monitor for constipation
97
Pantoprazole MOA/Tx
Reduces basal and stimulated gastric acid production/PPI
98
Pantoprazole Contra
Lactation, increased risk for pneumonia, caution in COPD, long-term increases risk for osteoporosis
99
Pantoprazole Nsg
Do not crush, increase water intake to 10 glasses/day
100
Sucralfate MOA/Tx
Adheres to ulcer crater and creates a protective barier/Duodenal ulcers
101
Sucralfate AE
*Constipation, angioedema, respiratory difficulty, seizures
102
Sucralfate Contra
hypersensitivity, chronic renal failure
103
Sucralfate Nsg
take QID, 1 hour before meals and at HS, can break or disolve in water
104
Ondansetron MOA/Tx
Blocks serotonin receptors to prevent emesis/Motion sickness
105
Ondansetron AE
HA (tx w/ NSAIDs), D, dizziness
106
Ondansetron Contra
Do not give in prolonged QT intervals
107
Ondansetron Nsg
w/ cancer pts: combine 3 antiemetics and admin prior to chemo is more effective than treating N that is already occuring
