pharm 3.1

Question 1

what drugs raise IOP

Answer 1

NSAIDS & corticosteriods

Question 2

flurbiprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac

Answer 2

ophthalmic NSAIDS, counter unwanted intraoperative miosis (pupil constriction)

Question 3

visine, clear eyes, Altafrin

Answer 3

ophthalmic alpha 1 agonist, vasoconstrict to get red out of eyes, dont use is: CAD, HTN, DM, hyperthyroidism
ADE: dry eyes, rebound congestion, allergic conjunctivitis, systemic effects

Question 4

phenylephrin (Altafrin)

Answer 4

alpha 1 agonist- vasoconstrict & mydriatic

Question 5

what meds can cause secondary open angle glaucoma

Answer 5

corticosteriods

Question 6

what meds do you not give to people with narrow angle glaucoma

Answer 6

anticholinergics, adrenergics, ganglionic blockers

Question 7

pivefrin (propine)

Answer 7

mixed adrenergic for glaucoma

Question 8

brimonidine (alphagan)

Answer 8

alpha 2 agonist

Question 9

timolo

Answer 9

beta 2 blocker, decrease aqueous production.
dont use in heart failure,
ADE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia

Question 10

pilocarpine

Answer 10

cholinergic, direct acting muscarinic. stimulate muscarinic receptors and cause contraction of the cilliary muscle which facilitates aqueous outflow

Question 11

dorzolamise (truspot)

Answer 11

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor- decreases aqueous formation

Question 12

postagladin (pgf-2) drugs

Answer 12

xalatan, travatan, lumigan

increase outflow, 1x day, potent

Question 13

hyperosmotic

Answer 13

rapid increase in extracellular volume& preload may precipitate or aggravate CHF

Question 14

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide, scopolamine

Answer 14

mydriatics & cycloplegics ( paralyze ciliary muscle)

Question 15

cholinergic SE

Answer 15

miosis

Question 16

anticholinergics SE

Answer 16

mydriasis & photophobia

Question 17

what drugs effects color perception

Answer 17

digitalis

Question 18

ADE: of beta lactams

Answer 18

hypersensitivity reaction, IgE, rash, hemolysis

Question 19

ADE: carbapenems:

Answer 19

seizure…INIPENEM

Question 20

ADE: Vancomycin

Answer 20

nephrotoxic and ototoxic, red man

Question 21

ADE: aminoglycosides

Answer 21

nephrotoxic, ototoxic, neuromuscular blockade, teratogenic

Question 22

ADE: fluoroquinolones

Answer 22

photosensitivity, chelation, prolong QT interval, tendinitis

Question 23

ceftriaxone contraindications

Answer 23

hypersensitivity
not in premature or nyperbilirubinemic neonates
* can displace bilirubin from its binding to serum albumin, leading to a risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in these patients.
* can crystalline in lung and kidneys when given with Ca containing products

Question 24

empirical coverage of community aquired meningitis

Answer 24

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and Vanc.

Question 25

meningitis in elderly and newborns

Answer 25

listeria is common- add ampicillin (+- gentamicin) to

Question 26

meningitic age 1 month - 50 years

Answer 26

vanc + ceftriaxone

Question 27

meningitis

Answer 27

ampicillin + cefotaxime (or aminoglycoside)

Question 28

meningitis > 50 years

Answer 28

vanc + ampicllin+ ceftriaxone

Question 29

antibiotics- skull fracture

Answer 29

vanc + ceftriaxone

Question 30

antibiotics penetrating trauma

Answer 30

vanc + cefepime

Question 31

antibiotic post neuro surgery

Answer 31

vanc + cefepime

Question 32

antibiotics CSF shunt

Answer 32

vanc + cefepime

Question 33

Fluconazole

Answer 33

for suspected nosocomal blood stream ingections can be appropriate but recent exposure to antibiotics and fluconazole leads to resistance

Question 34

caspofungin

Answer 34

potent against ALL candida species as well as Aspergillus

Question 35

meningitis 15 yo- antibiotics?

Answer 35

vanc + ceftriaxone immediately

Question 36

15 yo penetrating trauma antibiotics?

Answer 36

ceftazidime (for pseudomonas)

Question 37

antibiotics 72 sepsis recurrent UTI

Answer 37

levofloxacin