Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Alpha1>Alpha2>B1

APPLICATIONS: hypotension (but decreased renal perfusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Epinephrine

A

B>alpha

APPLICATIONS: anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension. Alpha effects predominate at high doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Direct sympathomimetic. B1=B2

APPLICATIONS: electrophysiologic evaluation of tachyarrhythmias. Can worsen ischemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dopamine

A

D1=D2>B>alpha

APPLICATIONS: unstable bradycardia, heart failure, shock; ionotropic and chronotropic alpha effects predominate at higher doses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dobutamine

A

Direct sympathomimetic. B1>B2, alpha

APPLICATIONS: heart failure (inotropic>chronotropic), cardiac stress testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Direct sympathomimetic. alpha1>alpha2

APPLICATIONS: hypotension (vasoconstriction), ocular procedures (mydriatic), rhinitis (decongestant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

A

B2>B1

APPLICATIONS: albuterol for acute asthma; salmeterol for long-term asthma or COPD control; terbutaline to reduce premature uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic.

EFFECT: indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor, also releases stored catecholamines.

APPLICATIONS: narcolepsy, obesity, ADD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ephedrine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic

EFFECT: indirect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines

APPLICATIONS: nasal decongestant, urinary incontinence, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic

EFFECT: indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor

APPLICATIONS: causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia; never give B blockers if cocaine intoxication is suspected (can lead to unopposed alpha 1 activation and extreme hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clonidine

A

Sympatholytic (alpha2 agonist)

APPLICATIONS: 1. hypertensive urgency (limited situations); does not decrease renal blood flow 2. ADHD, severe pain, and a variety of off-label indications (e.g. Ethanol and opioid withdrawal)

TOXICITY: CNS depression, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, and small pupil size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alpha-methyldopa

A

Sympatholytic (alpha2 agonist)

APPLICATIONS: hypertension in pregnancy (safe in pregnancy)

TOXICITY: direct Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, SLE-like syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Nonselective alpha blocker (IRREVERSIBLE)

APPLICATIONS: pheochromocytoma (used preoperatively) to prevent catecholamine (hypertensive) crisis

TOXICITY: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phentolamine

A

Reversible non selective alpha blocker

APPLICATIONS: give to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine-containing foods (tyrosine and MAOis will increase availability of NE, DA, and serotonin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha1 selective alpha blocker

APPLICATIONS: urinary symptoms of BPH, PTSD, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Terazosin

A

Alpha1 selective alpha blocker

APPLICATIONS: urinary symptoms of BPH, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Doxazosin

A

Alpha1 selective alpha blocker

APPLICATIONS: urinary symptoms of BPH, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha1 selective alpha blocker

APPLICATIONS: urinary symptoms of BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Alpha 2 selective blocker

APPLICATIONS: depression

TOXICITY: sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Metoprolol

A

B1 selective antagonist

EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. MI-decreases mortality 3. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 4. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 5. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure

TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), dyslipidemia, may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bethanechol

A

Cholinergic agonist

APPLICATIONS: postoperative ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention

ACTIONS: activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carbachol

A

Cholinergic agonist

APPLICATIONS: glaucoma, pupillary constriction, and relief of intraocular pressure

ACTION: Carbon copy of acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinergic agonist

APPLICATIONS: potent stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva; open angle and closed angle glaucoma

ACTION: contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (closed angle glaucoma); resistant to AChE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Methacholine

A

Cholinergic agonist

APPLICATIONS: challenge test for diagnosis of asthma

ACTIONS: stimulates muscarinic receptors in irritates when inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Neostigmine
Anticholinesterase APPLICATIONS: postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of NMJ blockade (postoperative) ACTION: increases endogenous ACh; NO CNS penetration
25
Pyridostigmine
Anticholinesterase APPLICATIONS: myasthenia gravis (long acting); does not penetrate CNS ACTION: increases endogenous ACh; increases strength
26
Physostigmine
Anticholinesterase APPLICATIONS: anticholinergic toxicity (crosses BBB)--atropine overdose ACTION: increases endogenous ACh
27
Donepezil
Anticholinesterase APPLICATIONS: Alzheimer's disease ACTION: increases endogenous ACh
28
Rivastigmine
Anticholinesterase APPLICATIONS: Alzheimer's disease ACTION: increases endogenous ACh
29
Galantamine
Anticholinesterase APPLICATIONS: Alzheimer's disease ACTION: increases endogenous ACh
30
Edrophonium
anticholinesterase APPLICATIONS: historical, diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (extremely short acting). Myasthenia now diagnosed by anti-AChR antibodies ACTION: increases endogenous ACh
31
Antidote to organophosphate poisoning
Atropine + pralidoxime (regenerates AChE if given early)
32
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonist in EYE APPLICATIONS: produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
33
Homatropine
Muscarinic antagonist in EYE APPLICATIONS: produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
34
Tropicamide
Muscarinic antagonist in EYE APPLICATIONS: produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
35
Benzotropine
Muscarinic antagonist in CNS APPLICATIONS: Parkinson's disease
36
Scopolamine
Muscarinic antagonist in CNS APPLICATIONS: motion sickness
37
Ipratropium
Muscarinic antagonist in RESPIRATORY system APPLICATIONS: COPD, asthma
38
Tiotropium
Muscarinic antagonist in RESPIRATORY system APPLICATIONS: COPD, asthma
39
Oxybutynin
Muscarinic antagonist in GU system APPLICATIONS: reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms
40
Solifenacin
Muscarinic antagonist in GU system APPLICATIONS: reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms
41
Glycopyrrolate
Muscarinic antagonist in GI and RESPIRATORY systems APPLICATIONS: parenteral- preoperative use to reduce airway secretions. Oral- drooling, peptic ulcer
42
Atropine
Muscarinic antagonist. Used to treat bradycardia and for ophthalmic applications ``` EYE: increases pupil dilation, cycloplegia AIRWAY: decreases secretions STOMACH: decreases acid secretion GUT: decreases motility BLADDER: decreases urgency in cystitis ``` TOXICITY: increased body temp (due to decreased sweating), rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation
43
Acebutolol
B1 selective antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2.Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 3. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
44
Betaxolol
B1 selective antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 3. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 4. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
45
Carvedilol
Nonselective alpha and beta antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. MI-decreases mortality 3. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 4. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 5. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
46
Esmolol
B1 selective antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 4. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 5. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
47
Atenolol
B1 selective antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 3.Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 4. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
48
Nadolol
Nonselective B1=B2 antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 3. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 4. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
49
Timolol
Nonselective B1=B2 antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 3. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 4. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure 5. Glaucoma-decreases secretion of aqueous humor TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
50
Pindolol
Nonselective B1=B2 antagonist--partial agonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 3. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 4. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
51
Labetalol
Nonselective Alpha and B antagonist EFFECTS: 1. Angina-decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption 2. SVT-decreases AV conductance velocity (class II antiarrhythmic) 3. Hypertension- decreases CO, decreases renin secretion (due to B1 receptor blockade on JGA cells) 4. CHF- slows progression of chronic failure TOXICITY: impotence, CV adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), may cause exacerbation of people with COPD or asthma
52
Acetaminophen antidote
N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
53
AChE inhibitors, organophosphate antidote
Atropine + pralidoxime
54
Amphetamine antidote
NH4Cl-ammonium chloride--acidify urine to trap the weak base
55
Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agent antidote
Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
56
Benzodiazepine antidote
Flumazenil (competitive antagonist at GABA benzodiazepine receptor)
57
B blocker antidote
Glucagon
58
Carbon monoxide antidote
100% oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen
59
Copper, arsenic, gold antidote
Penicillamine
60
Cyanide antidote
Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
61
Digitalis antidote
Anti-dig Fab fragments
62
Heparin antidote
Protamine sulfate
63
Iron antidote
Deferoxamine, deferasirox
64
Lead antidote
EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
65
Mercury, arsenic, gold antidote
Dimercaprol, succimer
66
Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Fomepizole>ethanol, dialysis Fomepizole inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase
67
Methemoglobin antidote
Methylene blue, vitamin c
68
Opioid antidote
Naloxone
69
Salicylate antidote
NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
70
TCA antidote
NaHCO3 (plasma alkilinization)
71
TPA, streptokinase, urokinase antidote
Aminocaproic acid
72
Warfarin antidote
Vitamin K, plasma (if active bleeding)
73
Hyoscyamine
Muscarinic antagonist targeting GI system Antispasmodic for IBS
74
Dicyclomine
Muscarinic antagonist targeting GI system Antispasmodic for IBS
75
Tetrodotoxin
Highly potent toxin that binds fast voltage-gated Na+ channels in cardiac and nerve tissue, preventing depolarization (blocks action potential without changing resting potential). Causes nausea, diarrhea, parasthesias, weakness, dizziness, loss of reflexes. Treatment is supportive. Poison can result from ingestion of poorly prepared pufferfish, a delicacy in japan
76
Ciguatoxin
Causes ciguatera fish poisoning. Opens Na+ channels causing depolarization. Symptoms easily confused with cholinergic poisoning. Temperature related dysesthesia (e.g. Cold feels hot, hot feels cold) is regarded as a specific finding here. Treatment is supportive. Dissed by consumption of reef fish (e.g, barracuda, snapper, moray eel)
77
Scombroid poisoning
Acute onset burning sensation of the mouth, flushing of a face, erythema, urticaria pruritis, headache. May cause anaphylaxis-like presentation. Treat supportively with antihistamines; if needed, antianaphylactics. Caused by consumption of dark meat fish (elf. Bonito, mackerel, mahi-mahi, tuna) improperly stored a warm temp. Bacterial histidine decarboxylase converts histidine to histamine. Histamine is not degraded by cooking. Frequently misdiagnosed as allergy to fish!
78
Nebivolol
MOA: B blocker; combines cardiac-selective B1 adrenergic blockade with stimulation of B3 receptors, which activate NO synthase in the vasculature
79
Parathion
Organophosphate that irreversibly inhibits AChE leading to cholinergic toxicity. Often seen in farmers. Antidote is atropine + pralidoxime
80
Tolterodine
Muscarinic antagonist in GU system APPLICATIONS: reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions