Pharm Flashcards
(78 cards)
Whats the most common absorption method used by drugs
Diffusion through cell membrane with gradient
When is there a 50/50 ratio of ionized to unionized amounts of a drug?
Pka of drug = pH of area in body where drug is
Abuse and addiction potential dictate the schedule / control of medication which can limit what
Dispense quantity, refills allowed, prescription life span
Convert kg to lb
1 kg = 2.2 lb
Abbreviation for right eye
Od
Abbreviation for left eye
Os
Abbreviation for both eyes
Ou
Abbreviation for right ear
Ad
Abbreviation for left ear
As
Abbreviation for both ears
Au
How. Do you calculate % of substance in IV solution
g in 100 mL
What two areas of teh body use pH to impact ionization status
GI, kidney
What are. Teh 2 states of distribution that exist with a drug in the body
Bound or unbound to serum. Protein
What do we call the unbound fraction of a drug in the blood
Alpha
A drug with low percent bound to protein has high potency / activity and what is teh effect of displacement by another drug or pH change or somehting along those lines
Little change after displacement
A drug with high percent bound to protein has low potency / activity and what is the effect of displacement by another drug or pH change or somehting along those lines
Much increase in free drug = more activity (warfarin)
What do you. Call. A biotransformation reaction that involves oxidation / reduction / hydrolysis / cytochrome p450
Phase 1
What. Are drugs that act as inducers of the cytochrome p450 system
Carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, isoniazid, ethanol, benzo-a-pyrene
What. Are drugs that act as inhibitors of the cytochrome p450 system
Fluoxetine, omeprazole, cimetidine, ketoconozole, grapefruit juice
What type of biotransformation reaction involves conjugation such as glucoronidation, sulfation, acetylation
Phase II
Whats one way we can help eliminate. Toxin during asprin overdose
Alkalinize the urine with sodium bicarb to increase ionization, reduce reabsorption, and increase elimination
what does first order elimination look like for a drug
elimination rate is proportionate to plasma concentration (percent eliminated is fixed for a certain amount of time, 10% per hour)
what does zero order elimination look like for a drug
elimination of the same amount of drug over the same amount of time (1 mg per hour)
fraction of a dose that enters circulation (extent of absorption)
bioavailability (F)
