Pharm

Question 1

absolutely contraindicated in T1DM pt

Answer 1

beta blocker

Question 2

overdose on beta blocker can be treated with what endocrine agent

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

only IV formulation to give a patient with hyperglycemia (short acting)

Answer 3

regular insulin

Question 4

fast acting insulin formulations

Answer 4

aspart, lispro, glulisine

Question 5

long acting insulin (taken at bedtime)

Answer 5

detemir, glargine

Question 6

this drug causes GI upset and acts as amylin analog (makes you feel full, prolong gastric emptying, increase insulin sensitivity)

Answer 6

pramlitine

Question 7

GLP1 agonist that increases insulin release (GI upset, pancreatitis, thyroid cancer)

Answer 7

TIDE drugs (eventide, liraglutide)

Question 8

DPP4 inhibitors which increase the effects of GLP1 aka increase insulin release (URI, pancreatitis)

Answer 8

GLIPTIN drugs (sita, lina, sax a, alo)

Question 9

K channel blockers / insulin secretagogue drugs (wt gain, alcohol flushing, cyp inhibitors)

Answer 9

AMIDE and others (glipizide, glyburide, glymeperide, natelinide, repaglinide)

Question 10

first line T2DM drug, activates AMP kinase decreasing gluconeogenesis and helping insulin function

Answer 10

metformin

Question 11

metformin side effects

Answer 11

Gi upset, decreased B12 absorbtion, lactic acidosis

Question 12

PPARgamma ligand increasing GLUT4 expression on muscle and fat cells

Answer 12

GLITAZONE drugs (pio, rosa)

Question 13

side effects of GLITAZONE drugs

Answer 13

edema, wt gain, exacerbate CHF, osteoporosis

Question 14

diabetic drugs that cause wt gain

Answer 14

k channel blockers (glipizide, glyburide, glymeperide, nateglinide, repaglinide) PPARgama inh (pioglitazone, rosaglitazone)

Question 15

diabetic drugs that cause wt loss

Answer 15

conagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin AGLIFLOZIN

Question 16

SGLT2 inhibitors decreasing kidney reabsorption of glucose causing wt loss and hypovolemia

Answer 16

AGLIFLOZIN drugs

Question 17

insulin sparing drug that decreases postprandial glucose absorption by inhibiting alpha glycosylase (AE flatulence)

Answer 17

acarbose, miglitol

Question 18

drugs that open K channel to decrease insulin and increase glucose during a hypoglycemic emergency

Answer 18

diazoxide, glucagon

Question 19

drug used as a mineral corticoid replacement

Answer 19

fludrocortisone

Question 20

glucocorticoids short acting

Answer 20

prednisone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone

Question 21

glucocorticoids intermediate acting

Answer 21

triamcinolone

Question 22

glucocorticoids long acting

Answer 22

betametasone, dexametasone

Question 23

which glucocorticoid drugs have some mineral corticoid action

Answer 23

short acting (prednisone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone)

Question 24

how do steroid hormones move through blood

Answer 24

attached to carriers (albumin, transcortin-low in cirrhosis)

Question 25

cortisone is not reactive at a mineral corticoid receptor, but 11 beta HSD2 can convert it to ___ which can bind there

Answer 25

cortisol

Question 26

11 beta HSD2 inhibitors (cause HTN by activating MR)

Answer 26

clycyrrhizin (licorice root) or carbenoxolone

Question 27

mutations in 11 beta HSD2 cause what condition leading to juvenile HTN (auto recessive, low renin low aldosterone high BP due to cortisol)

Answer 27

apparent mineralcorticoid excess (AME)

Question 28

whats tx for AME

Answer 28

eplerenone (MR antagonist) and dexamethosone (no MR activation, decrease cortisol production)

Question 29

aldosterone antagonists (used in CHF and HTN)

Answer 29

eplerenone, spironolactone

Question 30

which steroid drugs are anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti growth, cause hyperglycemia

Answer 30

glucocorticoids

Question 31

hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone are used in combination for what condition

Answer 31

adrenal insufficiency (addisons) or hyperplasia

Question 32

drug that reduces all steroid hormones synthesis in adrenocortical cancer

Answer 32

aminoglutethimide

Question 33

drug for cushing syndrome that inhibits the 11 enzyme can be used in pregnant women

Answer 33

metyrapone

Question 34

anti corticosteroid drug used in adrenal carcinoma

Answer 34

mitotane

Question 35

glucocorticoid receptor antagonist used in cushing syndrome

Answer 35

mifepristone