pharm Flashcards
(22 cards)
Acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (inhibits in PCT)
furosemide
Loop diuretic; inhibits Na-K-2Cl transporter in Loop
hydroclorathiazide
Thiazide diuretic: inhibits Na-Cl transport in DCT
spironolactone
K sparing; competitively binds aldosterone receptor in CCT
triamterene
K sparing; blocks ENaC channels in CCT
amiloride
K sparing; blocks ENaC channels in CCT
mannitol
osmotic diuretic
-not reabsorbed and causes water to be excreted along with it
conivaptan
ADH antagonist
blocks the action of ADH on medullary collecting tubule
acetazolamide AE
- metabolic acidosis (dec reabsorption bicarb)
- phosphaturia and hypercalciuria→stones
- K wasting (enhanced K+ secretion)
- drowsiness/fatigue (inhibit CA in CNS)
- paresthesias
- contraindicated in liver disease! (inc. ammonia in circulation)
furosemide AE
Inc .urinary excretion K and H
- hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis (inc. distal Na delivery)
- hypochloremic alkalosis
- hypomagnesemia
- hyperuricemia (can ppt gout)
- dose related hearing loss
- sulfa allergy
- dehydration (Excess ECF vol depletion)
- inc LDL and dec HDL
HCTZ AE
- hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
- depletion Na, K, Cl, Mg
- retention uric acid (ppt gout)
- hyperglycemia
- hyperlipidemia
- photosensitivity (rare)
spironolactone AE
- hyperkalemia
- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
- gynecomastia, hirsutism, impotence, BPH, menstrual irregs
triamterine/amiloride AE
- hyperkalemia
- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
mannitol AE
- extracts water from cells, prior to diuresis acute inc. in ECF vol and hyponatremia
- nausea, vomiting, headache
- require adequate water replacement→severe dehydration, hypernatremia
vaptan AE
can cause severe hypernatremia and nephrogenic DI
acetazolamide Uses
- alkalinize urine
- treat alkalosis: induces hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
- prophylaxis and treatment of acute mountain sickness (dec. pH in acidosis, inc. ventilation)
- treatment glaucoma (dec CA activity in eye and dec. intraocular pressure)
furosemide uses
-threshold concentration “ceiling dose”
-stimulates PG synthesis in lung and kidney
→NSAIDS may interfere with action
-rapid onset of action
-Edema
-tx of hypercalcemia
-tx mild hyperkalemia
-bromide, fluoride, iodide poisoning
-2nd line in combo with thiazides for HTN
-renal failure (inc. urine flow, enhance K excretion)
HCTZ uses
- HTN and mild congestive heart failure
- edema (cirrhosis, renal disease)
- inc. excretion K and H
- dec. renal Ca excretion (Ca containing urinary stones)
- nephrogenic DI (reduce polyuria)
- adjunct to loop diuretic
spironolactone uses
- primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism, cirrhotic edema
triamterine, amiloride uses
. Pts taking K+ wasting diuretic for HTN, treat hypokalemia
mannitol uses
- Given IV, inc. water (and not Na) excretion
- prevention of acute renal failure after severe trauma/surgery
- promotes renal excretion of toxins
vaptans uses
- hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia
- manage SIADH when water restriction failed
