pharm chart

Question 1

what are the 4 thiazides?

Answer 1

1. HCTZ
2. Chlorthalidone
3. Metolazone
4. Indapamide

Question 2

indications of HCTZ (on and off label!)

Answer 2

HTN, edema in nephrotic syndrome; Off-label: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus

Question 3

MOA of HCTZ

Answer 3

Na-Cl symporter inhibition in the DCT increasing Na and Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl

Question 4

Indications of Chlorthalidone

Answer 4

HTN, edema in nephrotic syndrome; off-label: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus

Question 5

MOA of Chlorthalidone

Answer 5

Na-Cl symporter inhibition in the DCT increasing Na and Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl

Question 6

indications of Metolazone

on and off label

Answer 6

HTN, edema in nephrotic syndrome; Off-label: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus

Question 7

MOA of Metolazone

Answer 7

Na-Cl symporter inhibition in the DCT increasing Na and Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl

Question 8

indications of Indapamide

Answer 8

HTN, edema in nephrotic syndrome, HF; Off-label: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus

Question 9

MOA of Indapamide

Answer 9

Na-Cl symporter inhibition in the DCT increasing Na and Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl

Question 10

what are the three loop diuretics?

Answer 10

1. Furosemide
2. Torsemide
3. Ethacrynic Acid

Question 11

Indications of Furosemide

Answer 11

Edema sec to CHF, Renal Failure, Liver Failure

Question 12

MOA of loops?

Answer 12

Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter in TAL of Loop & distal tubule

Question 13

indications of Torsemide

Answer 13

edema of cardiac, renal, hepatic failure; HTN

Question 14

indications of Ethacrynic Acid

Answer 14

Edema secondary to CHF, Renal Failure, Liver Failure

Question 15

2 Aldosterone antagonist, K+ Sparing Diuretic

Answer 15

1. Spironolactone

2. Eplenerone

Question 16

indictions of Aldosterone antagonist, K+ Sparing Diuretic

Answer 16

Edema from excess aldosterone secretion, hypokalemia; heart failure

Question 17

MOA of Spironolactone and Eplenerone

Answer 17

Competitive antagonist at aldosterone mineralocorticoid receptors in DCT increasing NaCl and water loss but retention K

Question 18

what is the drug class of Amiloride

Answer 18

Diuretic, K+ Sparing

Question 19

Indications of Amiloride

Answer 19

Hypokalemia, edema sec to CHF, cirrhosis

Question 20

MOA of Amiloride

Answer 20

Direct inhibitor of Na+ influx in DCT & CCT

Question 21

drug class of Triamterene

Answer 21

Adjunct -K+ sparing

Question 22

indications of Triamterene

Answer 22

Hypokalemia

Question 23

MOA of Triamterene

Answer 23

Direct inhibitor of Na+ influx in DCT & CCT

Question 24

Drug class of Mannitol

Answer 24

Osmotic diuretic

Question 25

indications of Mannitol

Answer 25

Reduction of intracranial or intraocular pressure, rhabdomyolysis

Question 26

MOA of Mannitol

Answer 26

Osmosis producing increased water loss

Question 27

what drug is a Carbonic | Anhydrase Inhibitors

Answer 27

Acetozolamide

Question 28

indications of Acetozolamide

Answer 28

Glaucoma, Altitude Sickness

Question 29

MOA of Acetozolamide

Answer 29

Reversibly blocks carbonic anhydrase in PCT maintaining NaHCO3 in tubule lumen resulting in diuresis

Question 30

which drug is a Nonhormonal regulators of mineral homeostasis “phospate binding agent”

Answer 30

Sevelamer

Question 31

indications of Sevelamer

Answer 31

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 32

MOA of Sevelamer

Answer 32

Non-absorbed phosphate binder prevents absorption promoting excretion

Question 33

Nonhormonal regulators of mineral homeostasis “calcium based phosphate binders” which drug is in this class?

Answer 33

CaCO3

Question 34

indications of CaCO3

Answer 34

CKD with hyperphosphatemia

Question 35

MOA of CaCO3

Answer 35

bind to phosphorus in GI tract and excreted

Question 36

What drug is under the class......Nonhormonal regulators of mineral homeostasis “calcimetric”

Answer 36

Cinacalcet

Question 37

indications of Cinacalcet

Answer 37

Elevated serum PTH, Ca+, Ca-P product

Question 38

MOA of Cinacalcet

Answer 38

Reduces PTH secretion by sensitizing PT gland Ca+ receptors (‘mimics’ the action of Ca+ at receptor) lowering Ca+ and phosphorus levels

Question 39

What drug is under the class......Nonhormonal regulators of mineral homeostasis “activated vitamin D”

Answer 39

Calcitrol

Question 40

indications of Calcitrol

Answer 40

Reduction of PTH levels; hypocalcemia in ESRD

Question 41

MOA of Calcitrol

Answer 41

Up-regulates Vit D receptor on PT gland decreasing gland hyperplasia and PTH synthesis

Question 42

what is the drug class of Erythropoetin

Answer 42

Erythropoesis Stimulants

Question 43

indications of Erythropoetin

Answer 43

Anemia in CKD

Question 44

MOA of Erythropoetin

Answer 44

Stimulates erythroblasts to proliferate and differentiate into normoblasts, then reticulocytes

Question 45

``` which drug is under the class Magnesium supplement ELECTROLYTE ```

Answer 45

MgCL

Question 46

indications of MgCL

Answer 46

Hypomagnesemia

Question 47

MOA of MgCL

Answer 47

Supplement ... well that was easy ;)

Question 48

which drug is a Potassium supplement ELECTROLYTE

Answer 48

KCL

Question 49

indications of KCL

Answer 49

Hypokalemia

Question 50

MOA of KCL

Answer 50

Electrolyte Supplement

Question 51

what are 6 drugs that have significant renal impact?

Answer 51

1. Furosemide 2. NSAIDS 3. ACEIs 4. ARBs 5. Cyclosporine 6. Ionic contrast agents