Amoxicillin
PCN
Pcn family, broad spectrum Diarrhea, N&V, anorexia Renal impairment Not with aminoglycosides Candidiasis Anaphylaxis
Take with meals
Aminoglycosides
MYCIN some Garamycin. Amikin. Antibiotic for gram negative Pseudomonas and E. coli Nephrotoxicity and ototoxic. Neuro blockade-resp depression Do not mix with pcn
Cephalosporins
Ancef and kefzol, keflex, rocephin
Broad spectrum
Careful if allergy to pcn
Thrombophlebitis at IV
N&V, diarrhea, oral candidiasis, supra infections
Possible increased bleeding
Reach CSF
No alcohol
Take with food
Antiretrovirals
acyvlovir
Used to treat HIV, HAART uses 3-4 different ones, herpes, flu, cmv. Helps but doesn’t cure.
Prevents DNA replication
Phlebitis
Nephrotoxicity -give slow, increase fluids,
Ganciclovir-granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Macrolides/azithromycin
Zithromax, emycin
Used when pcn allergy
Legionnaires. Whooping cough. Diphtheria, chlamydia, RTI,
GI discomfort, Take with food only if upset
Hepatotoxic
Prolonged QT
7 day dose pack
Don’t take with antihistamines or anticoagulants.
Ok with pregnant
Azoles/antifungals
Ketoconazole, fungizone (amphotericin B is toxic, only with life threatening)
Candidiasis, tinea pedis, histoplasmosis
Infusion reaction- fever, rigors, headache, -Benadryl and Demerol
Thrombophlebitis
Nephrotoxicity,
Hypokalemia
Bone marrow suppression
ketoconazole is hepatotoxic, effects sex hormones
Fluroquinolones
Cipro
Broad spectrum includes bones
Prevent anthrax 60 days
GI discomfort
Achilles’ tendon rupture-do not give under 18yo
Suprainfection
Caution with renal, seizures, theophylline
Antacids, milk, dairy, decrease absorption
Increases Coumadin
Isoniazide. INH
TB - mycobacteria
Latent 6-9 months
Active minimum of 6 months plus other meds up to 24 months
Peripheral neuropathy-give b6
Hepatotoxic-liver fcn tests, no alcohol
Increases pheytoin,
Take without food unless upset
Antiprotozoals
Flagyl
Broad spectrum
Cdiff, trichomonas, h pylori
GI discomfort
Darkens urine
CNS-ataxia and seizures
Caution. With renal
Alcohol causes disulfiram rcn, mouth wash deodorant,
Watch if warfarin
Tetracycline
Broad spectrum
Acne, periodontal, rocky mtn, chlamydia, Lyme, pneumo, anthrax, h pylori
GI discomfort-meals, not at bed Tooth discolor. Do not give to under 8yo Hepatotoxic Photosensitive Bowel suprainfection Dizzy
Take on empty stomach with water, Milk, calcium, iron, antacids interfere
Decreased birth control
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin converting enzyme
PRIL
enalapril, lisionpril,
Work by vasodilation, excretion Na and h2o, k retention,
Used for HTN, HF, MI, nephropathy
Orthostatic hypotension Cough-dc med Hyperkalemia Rash Angioedema-swelling tongue Neutropenia especially with captoprill
Not with renal stenosis Stop diuretics first HTN meds increase hypotn Increase lithium Not with NSAIDs
Captoprill before meals, all others with or without.
amiodarone
K channel blocker
Converts A fib, recurrent VFib and Vtach > decreases conduction and automaticity
Pulmonary toxicity Sinus Brady, AV block, lead to HF. visual disturbances, blind Liver and thyroid GI CNS Phlebitis-use central cath Hypotension
Increases digoxin a d Coumadin
Diuretics and mycins increase dysrhythmias
Beta blockers and dilt gives bradycardia
No grapefruit juice
Diltiazem/cardizem
Verapamil
Antidysrythmic
Ca channel blocker depress polarization, decrease o2 demands of heart
AFib, Aflutter, SVT,
Bradycardia, Hypotension, HF Reverse with CaCl Liver and kidney Peripheral edema, SOB
Caution with beta blockers
Propranolol(inderal)
Antidysrythmic
Beta adrenergic blocker prevents SNS stimulation of heart
Causes hypotension Bradycardia HF Fatigue Can mask hypoglycemia
Do not give with AV heart block, HF, bradycardia. Caution with wolf park syndrome, DM, liver, thyroid, resp function
Take pulse daily and take with food
