Pharm: Drugs of Abuse Flashcards by Liz Pennington

What is Abstinence Syndrome?

S/S that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person

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What is an addiction?

Compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health

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What is a controlled substance?

drug deemed to have abuse potential that is listed on government schedules of controlled substances

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What is dependency?

state characterized by s/s, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from a chronic user or when the dose is lowered suddenly.

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What is a designer drug?

a synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure

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What is tolerance?

a decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect

can be behavioral, metabolic, or functional

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What is sensitization?

an increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug

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What is withdrawal?

adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated

Withdrawal is the evidence of a physical dependencence

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What is the criteria of a schedule I drug

What are some examples?

No medical use, high addiction potential

Flunitrazepam, Heroin, LSD, Mescaline, PCP, MDA, MDMA, STP

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What is the criteria for schedule II drugs

What are some examples?

Medical use, high addiction potential

Amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, short acting barbiturates, strong opioids

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What is the criteria for Schedule III drugs

What are some examples?

Medical use, moderate abuse potential?

Anabolic steroids, barbiturates, dronabinol, ketamine, moderate opioid agonists

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What is the criteria for Schedule IV drugs

What are some examples?

medical use, low abuse potential

Benzos, chloral hydrate, mild stimulants, most hypnotics, weak opioids

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What is the duration of symptoms for ETOH?

What are some other sx?

Approx. 1hr per serving

odor on breath, slurred speech, lack of coordination

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What is the duration of sx for tobacco?

What are some other sx?

20 min

odor on breath/clothes

stained fingers/teeth

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What is the duration of sx for Marijuana?

What are some other sx?

2-4hrs

red eyes, odor, eyelid tremors, muscle tremors, increased appetite

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What is the duration of sx for Inhalants?

What are some other sx?

5 min to 8hrs

jittery, talkative, runny nose or dry mouth

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What is the duration of sx for depressants?

What are some other sx?

1-16hrs

disordiented, drowsy, uncoordinated, slow/slurred speech

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What is the duration of sx for hallcuinogens?

What are some other sx?

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5 min - 12hrs

spacey, hallucinations, paranoia, memory loss, uncoordinated

What is the duration of sx for narcotics?

What are some other sx?

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4-24 hrs

Sleepy, droopy eyelids, soft/low voice, euphoria

What is the duration of action for PCP?

What are the other sx?

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4-6 hrs

Confused, aggressive, sweaty, repetitive

(so every medical student ever)

What are the most abused prescription painkillers?

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Fentanyl

hydrocodone

oxycodone

What are the most commonly abused prescription depressants

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Alprazolam (Xanny)

Zolpidem

Zaleplon

what are the most abused prescription stimulants?

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Adderal

Methylphenidate

What overdose sx do you see with amphetamines, methylphenidate and cocaine?

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agitation

HTN

tachycardia

delusions/hallucinations

hyperthermia

death

What withdrawal sx do you see with amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine?

apathy, irritability, increased sleeping, disorientation, depression

What overdose effects are seen with barbiturates, benzos, and ETOH?

slurred speech, drunk behavior, dilated pupils, weak/rapid pulse, clammy, shalow respirations, coma, death

What are the withdrawal sx of barbiturates, benzos, and ETOH?

**anxiety** **insomnia** **delirum** **tremors** **sz** **death**

What are the overdose effects of heroin and other storng opioids?

constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, respiratory depression, coma, death

What are the withdrawal sx of heroin/strong opioids?

nausea, chills, cramps, lacrimation/rhinorrhea, yawning, hyperpnea, tremor

What drug can be given to decrease desire to drink ETOH?

Acamprosate

What drugs are abused but not really addictive?

LSD (can cause flashbacks/altered perception) Mescaline Psilocybin PCP (can lead to psychosis) Ketamine

What is the main use of caffiene?

improve mental alertness treating migraines in comination with aspirin or acetaminophen post-epidural headaches

Caffeine can be used for several conditions, including:

Asthma ADHD OCD Memory Weight loss in combo with ephedrine

What is binge drinking? What is heavy drinking?

For women: 4 or more drinks during a single occasion For men: 5 or more drinks during a single occasion For women: 8/week For men: 15/week

ETOH has 0 order kinectics, meaning:

rate remains constant and is independent of concentration or amount of chemical the biological system is the rate-limiting factor t1/2 increases with dose (not a true t1/2)

Describe the metabolism of ETOH

ETOH undergoes extensive first pass metabolism thus a 70kg adult can metabolize 7-10g of ETOH per hr (IE one drink per hour)

What is the clinical care required in someone with acute alcohol intoxication?

monitor respiratory depression and aspiration of vomit glucose can treat metabolic alterations such as hypoglycemia and ketosis thiamine to protect against WKS (double vision, drooping eyelids, loss of coordination)

In chronic alcohol abuse, what must be monitored for?

acute withdrawal syndrome vs. alcohol dependence

What is acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

can be life-threatening the major pharmacologic objective is to prevent Sz, delirium, and arrhythmias, as well as electrolyte, rebalance and thiamine therapy **Tx with Benzos**

What is alcohol dependence?

psychosocial therapy serves as the primary treatment for alcohol dependence often depression or anxiety disorders coexist with alcoholism and therapeutic intervention for these other psychiatric problems decreases the rate of relapse

What is Naltrexone and it's use?

approved for tx of ETOH and opiate dependence MOA: u-opioid receptor antagonist to reduce craving and relapse in ETOH dependence Must be opioid-free prior to beginning otherwise may precipitate acute withdrawal syndrome

What is Acamprosate?

weak NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA A receptor agonist reduces long- and short-term relapse rates

What is disulfiram?

MOA: irriversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in pt's who drink (makes them really sick with headache, n/v, etc) should not be administered with any drug that contains alcohol (even mouthwashes, cough/cold meds) **Patients must be highly motivated**

Pharm: Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

(43 cards)