Pharm Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

Nalmefene

Answer 1

opioid antagonist intermediate duration of action not available orally

Answer 2

1st generation antihistamine - prototype inverse agonist of H1 receptor; works best if administered prior to histamine release; also, competitive antagonist for muscarinic receptors crosses BBB very well, causes significant sedation; significant anti-muscarinic effects (dry mouth, tachycardia, blurred vision, constipation) cleared by CYP2D6 most 1st gen antihistamines are metabolized in the liver & excreted in urine in modified form contraindicated in pregnancy anti-emetic (from anti-muscarinic activity)

Answer 3

1st generation H1 blocker significant central anti-cholinergic --sedative & antiemetic cleared by CYP2D6 commonly used for motion sickness, N/V rescue drug for intractable migraine A/E skin rash

Answer 4

potent H1 antagonist (1st gen) primarily used as anti-depressant drowsiness & anticholinergic effects

Answer 5

2nd generation H1 blocker (prototype) with longer duration of action active metabolite of terfenidine without QT prolongation minimal sedative & anti-muscarinic activity (similar to loratadine) most 2nd gen antihistamines are excreted in the urine in unmetabolized form

Answer 6

H1 blocker (2nd gen) poor penetration of BBB; sedation is limited; BUT drowsiness is a serious side effect may have benefit in asthma patients useful in pediatric patients

Answer 7

2nd generation H1 blocker oral, relatively non-sedating rapidly absorbed by GI tract, converted to active form by CYP450s--- drug interactions does not readily cross BBB; preferentially binds peripheral receptors long duration of action

Answer 8

2nd generation H1 blocker active metabolite of loratadine more expensive

Answer 9

new anti-histamine on the horizon nasal spray, ophthalmic solution use for allergic rhinitis or allergy associated reddening of the eyes also stabilizes mast cell, has anti-inflam effects only applied topically

Answer 10

glucocorticoid, secreted in response to ACTH interact with specific nuclear receptors to increase or decrease the expression of corticoresponsive genes anti-inflammatory effects largely mediated by transrepression --- main mechanism is repression of phospholipase A2; also COX2 & prevents proinflammatory cytokine expression & decreases number of immune cells metabolic effects: upregulation of trangluconeogenesis enzymes inactivated by 11βHSD2 (kidneys) net metabolic effect is increased blood glucose levels Cushings A/E: impairs HPA axis, fluid/electrolyte abnormalities, HTN, hyperglycemia, increased risk for infx, osteoporosis/decreased bone density, myopathy, behavioral disturbances, cataracts, retarded growth, fat redistribution, striae

Answer 11

long acting synthetic corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory effects 25x more potent than cortisol; long half life; no Na+ retention effects; 0.25 equivalent dose to cortisol most commonly used topically for skin infections

Answer 12

longest acting synthetic corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory effects 25x more potent than cortisol; long half life; no Na+ retention effects; 0.25 equivalent dose to cortisol used for acute adrenal crisis

Answer 13

intermediate strength corticosteroid (12-36 hr duration) used for acute organ rejection, chronic adrenal insufficiency, rheumatic diseases, giant cell arteritis, systemic skin diseases (atopic dermatitis), IBD,

Answer 14

intermediate glucocorticoid used for non-inflammatory joint disease (osteoarthritis), skin diseases (intralesional prep)

Answer 15

cortisol synthesis inhibitor inhibits CYP 11B1 used to treat hypercortisolism, diagnostic tests of HPA axis

Answer 16

cortisol synthesis inhibitor at high doses, inhibits CYP 17 (to synthesize cortisol & DHEA) ***most effective inhibitor to treat Cushings anti-fungal at low doses

Answer 17

cortisol synthesis inhibitor inhibits CYP 11A (initial & rate-limiting step) used to treat Cushings

Answer 18

endogenous mineralocorticoid synthesized in response to K+ & angiotensin II stimulates renal exchange between Na+/K+ or H+ acts on distal tubules & collecting ducts of kidney to increase reabsorption of Na+ (& thus water) & promote K+ excretion --- results in fluid retention, increased BP increase cardiac fibrosis congenital adrenal hyperplasia commonly caused by CYP 21 mutation --- decreases synthesis of aldosterone

Answer 19

mineralocorticoid mineralocorticoid agonist use with corticosteroid in patients with CAH that also have salt wasting

Answer 20

Opioid (class: Phenylpiperadine) DOC for outpatient anesthesia --- repeated doses do not accumulate, recovery is rapid

Answer 21

opioid (class phenanthrene) prodrug that gets metabolized to morphine by CYP 2D6; chemical modification improves 1st pass survivability potency similar to morphine oral analgesic & anti-tussive

Answer 22

synthetic opioid (phenylpiperadine class) 80-100x greater potency compared to morphine shorter duration highly lipophilic, rapid distribution to other compartments analgesic; improved cardiac stability; not anesthetic fentanyl lollipop used for breakthrough pain

Answer 23

semi-synthetic opioid (class phenanthrene) greater potency compared to morphine

Answer 24

Demerol synthetic opioid (class phenylpiperadine) 1/10 morphine's potency 25% bioavailable used in labor & delivery reduced likelihood of biliary spasm; does not cause miosis toxicity: CNS excitation --- seizure, tremor, convulsions --- metabolite in patients with impaired renal function

Answer 25

``` synthetic opioid (class phenylheptanone) -one of the highest risk ``` equipotent with morphine high bioavailability once daily dosage, PO longer acting opioid improved risk for heroin addicts some NMDA receptor antagonist properties

Answer 26

opioid (phenanthrene class) central effects: analgesia, respiratory depression, anti-tussive (suppresses brainstem cough centers) miosis, tolerance, dependence peripheral effects: analgesia, constipation, GI spasm; generally increases smooth muscle tone degranulation of mast cells (which can cause pruritis, systemic hypotension) active metabolites: excitotoxic, analgesic main A/E: respiratory depression; also miosis, coma more effective against continuous, dull pain

Answer 27

semi-synthetic opioid (class phenanthrene) greater potency compared to morphine

Answer 28

synthetic opioid (phenylpiperidine class)

Answer 29

synthetic opioid (phenylpiperidine class)

Answer 30

mixed opioid analgesic moderate mu receptor agonist, NE reuptake inhibitor metabolically stable congener of O-desmethyltramadol

Answer 31

mixed opioid analgesic --- 5HT releaser, NE reuptake inhibitor, weak mu opioid receptor agonist O-desmethyltramadol metabolite is a stronger mu agonist (CYP2D6 conversion) toxicity: seziures (NOT respiratory depression)

Answer 32

mu opioid antagonist shortest duration of action, not available orally because it gets destroyed in the liver before getting to bloodstream use to treat opioid overdose in healthy subjects does not alter pain threshold but increases hormone secretion hyperalgesic in post surgery patients attenuates/reduces analgesic effects

Answer 33

opioid antagonist longest duration of action available orally addict maintenance

Answer 34

opioid antagonist intermediate duration of action not available orally

Answer 35

1st generation antihistamine - prototype inverse agonist of H1 receptor; works best if administered prior to histamine release; also, competitive antagonist for muscarinic receptors crosses BBB very well, causes significant sedation; significant anti-muscarinic effects (dry mouth, tachycardia, blurred vision, constipation) cleared by CYP2D6 most 1st gen antihistamines are metabolized in the liver & excreted in urine in modified form contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 36

1st generation H1 blocker significant central anti-cholinergic --sedative & antiemetic cleared by CYP2D6 commonly used for motion sickness, N/V; rescue agent for migraines A/E skin rash

Answer 37

potent H1 antagonist (1st gen) primarily used as anti-depressant drowsiness & anticholinergic effects

Answer 38

2nd generation H1 blocker (prototype) with longer duration of action active metabolite of terfenidine without QT prolongation minimal sedative & anti-muscarinic activity (similar to loratadine) most 2nd gen antihistamines are excreted in the urine in unmetabolized form

Answer 39

H1 blocker (2nd gen) poor penetration of BBB; sedation is limited; BUT drowsiness is a serious side effect may have benefit in asthma patients useful in pediatric patients

Answer 40

2nd generation H1 blocker oral, relatively non-sedating rapidly absorbed by GI tract, converted to active form by CYP450s--- drug interactions does not readily cross BBB; preferentially binds peripheral receptors long duration of action

Answer 41

2nd generation H1 blocker active metabolite of loratadine more expensive

Answer 42

new anti-histamine on the horizon nasal spray, ophthalmic solution use for allergic rhinitis or allergy associated reddening of the eyes also stabilizes mast cell, has anti-inflam effects only applied topically

Answer 43

Prototype Triptan moderate to severe migraine; 1st line therapy; continues to work even once HA has progressed structurally similar to 5HT but different action selective agonist for 5HT1B/D --- inhibits 5HT release reduces release of pro-inflammatory agents in trigeminal nerve; may facilitate anti-nociceptive input to CNS selective AVA pre-capillary vasoconstrictor for meninges --- promote vasoconstriction to reduce headache pain A/E chest pressure/tightness contraindicated in patients with CAD

Answer 44

triptan with the longest action --- good for prophylaxis of migraine

Answer 45

prototype ergot derivative used in the treatment of migraine; can be used for rescue for intractable migraine often a single formulation with caffeine pressor & hallucinogen through 5HT; D2 receptor agonist --causes N/V abortive anti-migraine; vasoconstrictive effects variably absorbed from GI tract Toxicity: hallucinations, vasospasm, paresthesia, gangrene, abortion

Answer 46

ergot derivative, used in the treatment of migraine; can be used for rescue for intractable migraine poorly, variably absorbed; SL or nasal spray less effective as HA progresses better tolerated than ergotamine (but may have vasospasm, gangrene, hallucinations, abortion)

Answer 47

beta blockers, AEDs, SSRI

Answer 48

ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, opioid, promethazine, metaclopromide

Answer 49

typical anti-psychotic; phenothiazine class least potent class greatest sedation effect & weight gain; hypotension the original anti-psychotic

Answer 50

typical anti-psychotic; phenothiazine class greater potency than chlorpromazine; greater EPS effects, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 51

typical anti-psychotic; thioxanthene class

Answer 52

typical anti-psychotic; causes greatest EPS, neuroleptic malignant syndrome far more potent among the typicals; causes least amt of weight gain & sedation for typical drugs

Answer 53

atypical anti-psychotic alleviates both positive & negative symptoms of schizophrenia; few EPS or sedation less selective for D2 receptors; equal to greater potency at 5HT receptors life-threatenting agranulocytosis, hypotension; last resort drug; more likely to cause weight gain

Answer 54

atypical anti-psychotic alleviates both positive & negative symptoms of schizophrenia; few EPS or sedation less selective for D2 receptors; equal to greater potency at 5HT receptors

Answer 55

atypical anti-psychotic causes the greatest weight gain among anti-psychotics alleviates both positive & negative symptoms of schizophrenia; few EPS or sedation less selective for D2 receptors; equal to greater potency at 5HT receptors

Answer 56

atypical anti-psychotic alleviates both positive & negative symptoms of schizophrenia; few EPS or sedation less selective for D2 receptors; equal to greater potency at 5HT receptors

Answer 57

atypical anti-psychotic does NOT cause weight gain* but does have cardiotoxicity ---arrhythmias alleviates both positive & negative symptoms of schizophrenia; few EPS or sedation less selective for D2 receptors; equal to greater potency at 5HT receptors

Answer 58

atypical anti-psychotic alleviates both positive & negative symptoms of schizophrenia; few EPS or sedation partial D2 agonist less selective for D2 receptors; equal to greater potency at 5HT receptors

Answer 59

EPS (tremor, acute dystonia, bradykinesia) akathesia (restlessness, rocking, pacing) tardive dyskinesia: facial & neck tics Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: fever, rigidity, cognitive changes ---treat with muscle relaxant cardiac arrhythmias weight gain hypotension anti-muscarinic effects (dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, loss of accommodation) amenhorrhea/galactorrhea syndrome & infertility sedation confusion, attention/learning deficits blunt affect, lack of pleasure, dysphora anti-emetic **mainly associated with reduced DA activity

Answer 60

increased sympathetic output increased alertness, wakefulness, attention appetite suppression euphoria, exhilaration, self-confidence

Answer 61

CNS stimulant -alkaloid derived from plants, esp tobacco reaches brain within seconds when smoked stimulates epinephrine release from adrenal gland stimulates glutamateric neurons in laterodorsal tegmental area to release glutamate onto VTA neurons, which causes them to release DA in the nucleus accumbens --nicotine mimics ACh at nACh receptors can cause sudden infant death syndrome if used in pregnancy treatment for addition: nicotine replacement, bupropion, varenicline withdrawal symptoms: agitation, anger, frustration

Answer 62

noncompetitive nicotine receptor antagonist & dopamine reuptake blocker commonly used as an anti-depressant

Answer 63

partial nicotine receptor agonist

Answer 64

CNS stimulant blocks reuptake of DA by blocking DAT increased sympathetic output, hyperthermia, increased vasoconstriction acute psychosis cardiotoxicity --- increased HR & contractility, constriction of coronary arteries; can also block Na+ channels causing arrhythmias (due to anesthetic effect) with prolonged use, develop syndrome similar to parkinson's -- depletion of DA

Answer 65

CNS stimulant overall: promotes DA/NE in the synapse specific: blocks monoamine transport into vesicles blocks reuptake of monoamines (DA, NE) blocks monoamine oxidase blocks DAT (internalization of the transporter) promotes vesicle release into synapse increased sympathetic output, hyperthermia, increased vasoconstriction, acute psychosis, cardiotoxicity (increased HR & contractility) tachyphylaxis -- due to depletion of DA & NE

Answer 66

CNS stimulant re-uptake blocker of monoamines, preferentially 5HT inhibits transport of monoamines into presynaptic vesicles, causing reverse transport into synapse effects: amphetamine/psychedelic effects--- euphoria, increased psychomotor output, increased sympathetic acitivity, mild perceptual disturbances, hallucinations, increased connectiviity with surroundings A/E meth mouth rapid tolerance serotonin syndrome: ecstasy causes large release of 5HT into synapse & blocks its reuptake --- hyperthermia, sweating, nausea, tachycardia, HTN; muscle spasms twitches; confusion, mania, hallucinations, agitation, coma, HA; dehyrdation

Answer 67

CNS stimulant, synthetic based on cathinone, from the khat shrub similar action to amphetamines; also block 5HT uptake & may activate 5HT2A receptors effects: euphoria, increased CNS output, appetite suppression; perceptual disturbances, hallucinations toxicity similar to other CNS stimulants but causes more severe agitation & paranoia, self-destructive, violent behavior, psychosis

Answer 68

binds to & GABA receptors & enhances GABA effect (in the presence of GABA); inhibits NMDA retards development & learning & memory positive & negative reinforcement -alcohol increases firing rate of VTA dopaminergic neurons (by disinhibition) metabolic tolerance withdrawal can be serious; 1st phase; 2nd phase: hyperthermia -- causing big increase in BP & tachycardia hepatotoxicity, cardiac dysfunction wernicke korsakoff: caused by thiamin deficiency --ataxia, paralysis of eye muscles, confusion, may lead to coma; later; memory impairment

Answer 69

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase; causes acetaldehyde to build up, which causes nausea when consuming alcohol

Answer 70

blocks NMDA receptors & activates GABA used to treat alcoholism

Answer 71

blocks AMPA/kainate receptors & activates GABA used to treat alcoholism

Answer 72

SSRI; used for alcoholism & depression

Answer 73

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase; for methanol ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 74

sedative; often prescribed with methadone to counteract sympathetic rebound in treating opioid withdrawal; cause sedation, respiratory depression

Answer 75

partial mu receptor agonist (causes euphoria); & a kappa receptor antagonist (prevents dysphoria) produces euphoric effects when taken on its own so you're less likely to experience withdrawal effects from opioids if crushed & injected IV, nalaxone blocks its effects, preventing it from getting into the brain if taken SL as it should be, naloxone is inactivated & it can have full central effects (it can get into the brain)

Answer 76

psychedelic hallucinogen 5HT1A/2 partial agonist inihibits GABA release & causes disinhibition of DA release dizziness, nausea, numbness, increased sympathetic output, ataxia; intense feelings of euphoria, insight, deep connection to environment; hallucinations

Answer 77

psychedelic hallucinogen, found in mushrooms 5HT1A/2 partial agonist inihibits GABA release & causes disinhibition of DA release dizziness, nausea, numbness, increased sympathetic output, ataxia; intense feelings of euphoria, insight, deep connection to environment; hallucinations

Answer 78

synthetic dissociative hallucinogen; derived from ketamine open NMDA glutamate receptor blocker in the brain delirium (vivid hallucinations, dissociation of mind from body; agitation, aggression; very difficult to deal with) psychotic behavior **Olney's lesions: NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity = vacuolization of cortical neurons, gliosis, dementia; also neuronal apoptosis

Answer 79

marijuana reduces intraocular pressure, stimulates appetite binds & activates cannabinoid receptors (similar to opioids) mild hallucinations, euphoria, ataxia, impaired judgment, memory impairment, reduced attention; mellowness, tranquil toxicity/OD risk is low bad trips--> flashback = hallucinogen persisting perception syndrome slacker syndrome can potentiate the effects of CNS depression used as an anti-emetic in cancer chemo (Dronabinol)

Answer 80

produce CNS depression; brief head rush due to rapid vasodilation, euphoria, dizziness, motor disturbances; HA, fainting, nausea toxicity: asphyxiation; respiratory depression, hepato, nephro, neuro toxicity; pulmonary disease, bone marrow suppression

Answer 81

dopamine precursor; 1st line drug for PD can cross the BBB, & gets converted to DA by DOPA decarboxylase efficacy decreases with time almost never given alone because the gut also contains DOPA decarboxylase peripheral side effects due to conversion to DA - GI disturbances; give anti-emetic - tachycardia, hypotension - reduced delivery to CNS central effects: "wearing off", "on/off" abnormal involuntary movements psychomimetic vitamin B6 enhances metabolism can have HTN crisis if used in combination with MAOI

Answer 82

dopa decarboxylase inhibitor; used to treat PD, often given in combination with L-DOPA does NOT cross BBB; but improves L-DOPA delivery to CNS; reduces DA-mediated peripheral side effects (nausea, CV)

Answer 83

= L-DOPA + Carbidopa increased delivery of L-DOPA to CNS with fewer peripheral side effects

Answer 84

COMT inhibitor; used in combination with L-DOPA & Carbidopa to treat PD lower toxicity, does NOT cross BBB COMT is enzyme that produces 3OMD that competes with L-DOPA for transport into CNS

Answer 85

L-DOPA + Carbidopa + Entacapone

Answer 86

DA agonist, ergo based used in treatment of PD selective D2 agonist; excreted in bile & feces can be used as an anti-psychotic to help restore the DA imbalance, especially in neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 87

non-ergot based DA agonist greatest affinity for D3 receptor but partial agonist (also D2, D4) antioxidant free radical scavenger -- neuroprotection excreted by the kidney dosed 3x/day, requires slow titration effective monotherapy for PD; effective adjunct that helps relieve on/off phenomenon in moderate to severe PD

Answer 88

non-ergot based DA greatest affinity for D2 receptor (but also D3, D4) metabolized by CYP1A2 dosed 3x/day, requires slow titration effective monotherapy for PD; effective adjunct that helps relieve on/off phenomenon in moderate to severe PD

Answer 89

PD rescue drug potent, non-selective DA agonist induces vomiting, temporary relief of off state delivered SQ, rapidly distributes to CNS A/E nausea; very poorly tolerated

Answer 90

monoamine oxidase B inhibitor --- inhibits metabolism of DA; used to treat PD mood elevation, nausea, dry mouth, confusion, adverse reactions with meperidine, TCAs & SSRIs blocks MPTP toxicity may cause early death

Answer 91

MAO inhibitor used as adjunct with Sinemet; treat PD short lived effect but can improve dyskinesias in severe PD A/E livedo retiularis, peripheral edema

Answer 92

Muscarinic receptor antagonist; used to treat PD --- reducing ACh input to striatal muscarinic receptors helps balance ACh/DA some reduction of tremor & rigidity A/E excitement, confusion, hallucination, anti-cholinergic effects (tachycardia, xerostomia, etc)

Answer 93

inhibits AChE & butrylcholinesterase metabolized by CYP1A2 zero order kinetics -- 1st pass enzyme saturation hepatotoxicity, N/V/D, agitation, rash, anorexia, confusion overdose: cholinergic stimulation (lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, tremor, etc)--- antidote: atropine

Answer 94

AChE inhibitor completely bioavailable long half life highly protein bound better tolerated than tacrine

Answer 95

nicotinic receptor stimulator; used to treat AD

Answer 96

NMDA receptor antagonist; used to treat AD

Answer 97

corticosteroid, immunosuppressant primary action: reduce peripheral immune cells (& inflammation)

Answer 98

the active metabolite of prednisone often used for pulse therapy at high doses in treating acute rejection oral systemic for asthma exacerbations

Answer 99

calcineurin inhibitor -- blocks immunophilins --- thereby prevents activation of NFAT less readily absorbed (so fewer systemic effects) & don't prevent certain immune cell interactions compared to corticosteroids good at preventing acute transplant rejection nephrotoxicity, HTN, diabetes, neurotoxicity, lymphoproliferative disease, GI problems preferred CI for children; & for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis metabolized by CYP3A system, eliminated mainly in bile/feces

Answer 100

calcineurin inhibitor --- thereby prevents activation of NFAT less readily absorbed (so fewer systemic effects) & don't prevent certain immune cell interactions compared to corticosteroids good at preventing acute transplant rejection metabolized by CYP3A system, eliminated mainly in bile/feces nephrotoxicity, HTN, diabetes, neurotoxicity, lymphoproliferative disease, GI problems A/E specific to cyclosporin: hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia

Answer 101

calcineurin inhibitor --- binding to immunophilins -- thereby prevents activation of NFAT most potent; good at preventing acute transplant rejection metabolized by CYP3A system, eliminated mainly in bile/feces nephrotoxicity, HTN, diabetes, neurotoxicity, lymphoproliferative disease, GI problems A/E specific to tacrolimus: myocyte hypertrophy, diabetes

Answer 102

cytotoxic immunosuppressant -- inhibits de novo synthesis of purines --- inhibits enzyme responsible for PRPP-->IMP - also prevents salvage pathway purine synthesis - -- forms TIMP, which makes DNA labile and break down active metabolite: 6MP -broken down by TPMT & XO allopurinol inhibits XO --> increases 6 MP may have carcinogenic effects, teratogenicity all cytotoxic drug A/E: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, N/V, hepatotoxicity

Answer 103

cytotoxic immunosuppressant -- inhibits de novo synthesis of purines -- prevents IMP-->GMP quickly metabolized to MPA (GI) -->MPAG (liver) by glucuronyltransferase MPA competes with MPAG --- causes increased clearance of free MPA 2 peak concentration levels due to enterohepatic recycling preferred drug for induction phase fewer toxic profile/adverse effects mainly A/E is diarrhea very highly bioavailable all cytotoxic drug A/E: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, N/V, hepatotoxicity

Answer 104

cytotoxic immunosuppressant --- causes cell cycle arrest (in G1) by binding to MTORs longer elim half life; extensively metabolized into 7 inactive molecules A/E hypercholesterolemia, impaired wound healing metabolized by CYP450s; similar drug interactions to the calcineurin inhibitors all cytotoxic drug A/E: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, N/V, hepatotoxicity

Answer 105

Ab against Rh (D) Ag on RBCs used in erythroblastosis fetalis -- give to Rh negative mothers to prevent immune system attack on subsequent fetuses

Answer 106

polyclonal Ab prepared from animals binds to T cell surface proteins & rapidly leads to depletion of T & B cells A/E leukopenia, thrombocytopenia cytokine release sydrome: N/V/D, fever & chills, myalgias/arthralgias, anaphylaxis most commonly used Ab in therapy

Answer 107

binds to CD3 & rapidly leads to depletion of CD3+ cells (mainly T cells) A/E cytokine release syndrome: binding of drug causes T cells to become activated & release cytokines -N/V/D, fever/chills/arthralgias/myalgias, anaphylaxis? also CNS effects: sz, encephalopathy, cerebral edema,

Answer 108

IL-2 Ab binds to alpha subunit of IL-2 receptor & antagonizes IL-2 binding --- prevents proliferation & differentiation of T & B cells longer half life & saturates receptor for a longer time (compared to basilixumab) A/E hypersensitivity reactions used for prophylaxis for allograft rejection; used in almost all new lung transplant patients for induction therapy rarely for maintenance therapy

Answer 109

IL-2 Ab binds to alpha subunit of IL-2 receptor & antagonizes IL-2 binding --- prevents proliferation & differentiation of T & B cells A/E hypersensitivity reactions used for prophylaxis for allograft rejection; used in almost all new lung transplant patients for induction therapy rarely for maintenance therapy

Answer 110

anti-TNFa --- causes profound anti-inflammatory effects used for Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic & rheum arthritis A/E hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 111

anti-TNFa used for severe psoriasis & psoriatic & rheum arthritis fusion protein between human TNFa & human IgG

Answer 112

inhaled, short acting β2 agonist -- DOC for acute asthma attack

Answer 113

inhaled or oral, short acting β2 agonist -- DOC for acute asthma attack oral A/E: skeletal muscle tremor, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, arrhythmias, angina, N/V

Answer 114

inhaled, short acting β2 agonist -- DOC for acute asthma attack a newer drug; R isomer of albuterol fewer adverse effects but more expensive

Answer 115

inhaled or oral, short acting β2 agonist use for treatment of acute asthma attack oral A/E: skeletal muscle tremor, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, arrhythmias, angina, N/V

Answer 116

inhaled, long acting β2 agonist long side chain inserts into PM & gradually diffuses 50x more selective to β2 receptors than albuterol not used in monotherapy; used with corticosteroids

Answer 117

inhaled, long acting β2 agonist long side chain inserts into PM & gradually diffuses not used in monotherapy; used with corticosteroids

Answer 118